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Monopoly of military technology

Jul 19

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U.S. monopoly made F 35s core technology 300x196 Monopoly of military technologyIf the economic sphere, “Science and technology are primary productive forces”, then in the military field, “Science and Technology is the first combat.” The growth of military power, backed not only economic, but also to master a series of cutting-edge, the core of military technology. The reason why a big country big country owes those who would otherwise remain hidden “power of the device,” while

, Where the interests of maximizing and exclusive, but also led to the sensitive technology has been closely monopoly.

“Monopoly” is derived from Mencius “will seek the monopoly board to look around the net market benefit” phrase. However, military technology, “monopoly”, both economic sense, more strategic considerations. Military technology as the high end of the field of industrial technology, is already one of the few areas of strength in Western countries. Therefore, the maintenance of the developing countries,

Particularly developing country emerging military technology “monopoly”, the Western developed countries have a strategic consensus.

Monopoly is not just to prohibit the “export” or “transfer” the existence of such a simple form, the complexity of weapons systems to determine the monopoly of military technology is extremely complex. Military technology, through the weapons design, system development, production, manufacture of the whole process, but the shadow of a monopoly, but also with the process everywhere.

The highest form of monopoly

Many people may not think in terms of nuclear or conventional weapons, the “design” often means the highest form of monopoly.

Compared to conventional weapons, nuclear weapons (mainly thermonuclear weapons) are designed to the planet’s most mysterious things, is tight-lipped about nuclear power “taboo.” The role of principles to be carried by the miniaturization of warheads, nuclear weapons, internal design form the overwhelming majority of countries, remains a mystery.

Nuclear bomb is not nuclear material into the tin to simple yard. Design a nuclear bomb, requires a State has a solid theoretical nuclear physics research base, also with large-scale computing capabilities. Very expensive nuclear materials, nuclear test launching a campaign to costly, so it can not rely on general military-technical like trial and error. In the positive

Ceremony before the nuclear test, we need as much as possible on paper to design a similar “product” of a nuclear bomb. Meanwhile, the power of nuclear bomb design also needs growing, the volume is getting smaller and smaller. This means that every nuclear test, nuclear weapons design methods are changing.

As the strategic nuclear deterrent, the major nuclear powers monopoly on nuclear weapons design has not eased. Some small and medium power bad state to “possession of nuclear weapons”, I am afraid not with its own power has broken the “monopoly”, but more in line with the political intentions of some big powers. India’s nuclear tests, has publicly expressed its energy system

Level of heat build 200,000 tons of nuclear weapons, but the international community generally skeptical of such claims, they believe that India is the largest trial of an enhanced fission device. After all, not build a nuclear bomb by mouth.

If the design of nuclear weapons around the state monopoly status, then the design of conventional weapons, especially the top-level design, is determining the “monopoly” can bring much profit.

Top-level design is a strategic objective and its time and space on the display of form and design implementations. Over the years, the United States remained the world’s No. 1 arms exports, the outside world often focus on the US-made weapons, the advanced technology in production development, neglect of a Shi Shi Zhe Yang, the United States firmly in the top-level design Shang Di occupy Zhao

“Monopoly” status.

Rehabilitation of military revolution, the U.S. military theoretical innovation has been in the “forefront”, while they frequently provide a realistic operational military requirements drive. Promotion in these two areas, the U.S. weapons to always be in the “innovation” on attracting other countries, but also through the integration of information technology to achieve the maximum exclusion.

For example, the United States of F-35 project, shows the future of the United States Air Force Air Force combat and strategic judgments. The project creatively put forward the “low cost”, “highly lethal” “high-viability” and “high support” of the design concept, and by different variants to meet the needs of different armed services, so as to realize the Western allies

Replacement of all existing fighters. The F-35 project’s other members, but basically there is no top-level strategic project design capabilities, they determine the future air combat battlefield, can only receive from the U.S. point of view.

In essence, the monopoly of the top design is a kind of “prediction” of the monopoly. Forecast the demand for war on weapons, which most countries in the world is unthinkable.

Although the F-35 is now the price and performance is increasingly challenged, and some participating countries have also threatened to not buy F-35, but the clearance of the project is likely to be “near misses”, the top reason is that the design of the United States monopoly.

Lies in the hands of the platform a few countries

Monopoly of weapons design is important, but also need to develop capacity and systems to match. If there is no capacity to design capacity development as support, but will be restricted.

Large equipment manufacturing, precision processing technology, materials technology, is the weapon system platform (body) development of key areas. From the computer “virtual” platform out into entities, not the actual manufacturing is impossible. The manufacture of light weapons, better said, if related to major equipment platform, heavy duty

Essential equipment manufacturing technology.

For example, in order to improve the overall performance of aviation products, large forging share in the aviation forging and single piece size is growing. For aircraft main load-bearing frame, beams and so the whole component, the United States, Russia, France and other major countries have adopted major air 4.5 to 75 thousand tons of large forging press for processing, while China is building a large

Type forging presses up to 80,000 tons maximum pressure, is the world’s largest forging press. This ultra-heavy manufacturing equipment itself is a complex system to master the technology only in the hands of a handful of countries.

Although many countries are very concerned about space, strategic reconnaissance capability, but the optical components of optical imaging satellites is a major problem. In particular the emerging off-axis three-mirror optical system, reduce the size of satellite weight, it is also a long focal length, large field, the advantages of high resolution, so it’s Precision Machining Technology

Has become the core of a new generation of optical imaging satellites. In the past, this technology has been monopolized by the United States and France, until 2009, China Changchun Optical Mechanical was a breakthrough.

Military equipment, new materials are used in various types of high-performance weapons and equipment supporting the “skeleton”, these materials demands light, just, strong. Light is the material ability to resist gravity larger; just that the material resistance to deformation under loading capacity should be large; strong, that is, material resistance to failure under loading capacity larger. In addition,

If applied to some special parts of weapons systems, such as ballistic missile warhead nose cone, fighter Smart Skin, materials also have the sensation of information. Therefore, high strength steel used in weapons systems, high-performance ceramics, composites, semiconductor materials, functional materials, it is the focus of national technical monopolies.

A large number of used satellites, spacecraft, large aircraft and airframe manufacturing high-performance fighter PAN based carbon fiber composite material as an example. Japan of the global total production capacity of 39%, the U.S. accounted for 35% of the total output of the two countries will account for 74% of global production. The core technology is primarily the United States Su Taike company, heck

Sale companies and Japanese carbon fiber company Toray monopoly.

Microelectronics semiconductor materials directly affect the level of the military, without which it would not be any phased array radar, electronic countermeasures. The production of high-quality large-diameter (6 to 8 inches) GaAs crystal technology, only Germany before FCM Corporation, Japan’s Sumitomo Corporation to master. By 2006, China has successfully drawn out of the country’s first

8-inch diameter GaAs single crystal.

The largest gap between the monopoly power technology

Mechanization of modern military combat platforms with plenty of power system is not inconceivable. From land to ocean, from the sky to outer space, with strong power systems, advanced weapons systems to show its mettle on the battlefield. Therefore, the monopoly of power system development technology, the most likely to ensure its superiority in the military field

.

Modern heavy main battle tanks weigh 70 tons, have to battle in a variety of extreme conditions to keep the motor speed of tens of kilometers per hour. While it can produce no less than 10 main battle tanks to a country, but to provide the most modern diesel-powered tank top countries, but only the United States, Germany, Russia and other several countries. In particular Germany

State MTU’s 880 series diesel engine, equipped not only in Germany itself the “Leopard 2″ main battle tank, also export and equipment to the Israeli “Merkava” South Korea’s K-1 and India’s “Arjun” Main Battle Tank on.

Equipment in the Navy, the medium and large ships to use the nuclear power reactor technology, only four countries were the United States, Russia and France in the hands. For nuclear power given the ship a long time on the water (or water) activities, thereby significantly enhancing the ship’s maneuverability and maintain a strategic presence in the distant sea deterrent, so the major powers to ensure the absolute

The monopoly of nuclear power reactor technology. The conventional power system mainly by the U.S. warship General Electric, Rolls –Royce, MTU of Germany and other monopoly companies.

Modern gas turbines used in the majority of vessels are derived from aviation engines. Therefore, the monopoly of military ships engines for military aircraft engines in the field can be dominant. Currently the United States military aircraft engine major General Electric, Pratt – Whitney and British Rolls – Royce hands. Especially

For the fourth generation of supersonic aircraft cruising in the high thrust-weight ratio engines, the United States came out top. Although Russia has flown a fifth-generation fighter, but its engine is still a level of three generations, it can develop a real fourth-generation fighter, the first breakthrough in the United States depends on whether the monopoly of the advanced engine technology. In addition, a large military

Transport aircraft of the air engine technology, also lies in the hands of the United States.

In addition to conventional land, sea and equipment, various types of missiles and space vehicles will need high-thrust rocket engines and hypersonic trans-atmospheric flight for the power plant. As the rocket engine is closely related with the long-range missiles, have not only developed countries in a monopoly of the high-thrust rocket engine technology, but also severely restricted by treaty

Trading system. United States, Russia, France, China has developed military high-thrust rocket engine technology. India, Iran is also developing intercontinental missiles to target efforts, but is generally believed that external technical assistance unless otherwise difficult to achieve significant breakthroughs in the near future.

Rocket engine in the military field, American companies will undoubtedly occupy a technical high ground. Alliant Tech Systems ATK 85% of the U.S. monopoly of the solid rocket motor market (including the world’s most advanced submarine-launched Trident-D5 missile rocket motor); liquid rocket engines were common – benefits Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne to master, world

World’s largest hydrogen and oxygen on the thrust rocket engine RS-68, is the company’s products.

Engine is known as the crown of industrial technology, research and development because it is almost need the support of the whole industrial system. Therefore, the monopoly of the most centralized power system, the largest gap technology.

Control system is highly confidential

With the weapons intelligence, precise development, an important part of weapons systems there, this is the control system.

Ballistic missiles can accurately hit targets thousands of miles across, tanks can be bumpy side road on the side of the attack moving enemy targets, fighters can make a compelling action in the air, while the enemy attack, aircraft carrier battle groups to the thousands of square kilometers one offensive and the sea are inseparable from the control system.

Ballistic missiles, high-precision inertial guidance system technology has been tightly controlled by the hands of five nuclear powers. While some countries have ballistic missiles, inertial guidance technology, but basically rely on imports, and a lot of accuracy difference. Even the imported technology is sneaky, because the inertial guidance technology is simply out of the embargo list

In.

China, “Jian Shi,” fighters use the three-axis four-redundant digital flight control system telex is a typical control system used in aircraft, its role is to ensure that when the pilot pulled the stick to maintain stable flight. China successfully developed three generations of aircraft flight control system, telex, it should be said to break the United States, Russia, France

Technical monopoly, but only Long March has completed the first step.

Fourth-generation fighter control system more than a simple flight control, but “flying, fire, force” integration of control systems. Collins and even the United States in the development of more intelligent flight control system, even if the plane was blown up a wing, can fly back! The pilot of a responsive only about 200 ms

Time to respond, but at this time, the more intelligent flight control system 10 has already made several adjustments to avoid the aircraft crashed.

“Aegis” of shipboard air defense system further illustrated the importance of the control system. Generally only notice the outside world, “Aegis” external visible Phased array radar, in fact, “Aegis” air defense system combines phased array radar, air radar, on the Sea Surface Targets, fire control radar, sonar, electronic support systems, satellite navigation, data link to

And a variety of information, it is a highly automated command and control systems. “Aegis” system has now become the U.S. Navy air defense, missile defense core, has become the monopoly of modern technology as a symbol of the Navy.

From the current public data, to develop fighter planes, tanks, warships, missiles, countries with control systems have the capability to develop. However, the information in the future battlefield weapons and equipment of large complex control systems in the field, no doubt living in the United States “arbitrary” status. The core of the control system, software system, is even more

As a top-secret hidden in the background. Both fourth-generation fighter control system can be applied to theater missile defense or the latest “Aegis” baseline -7 systems are large information engineering, software development, including not only the business community and even universities and other research institutions. The United States can publicly display F-22 fighters, and even show people, “Zeus

Shield “operation command center, but will open up the software’s source code? The game is. Even Microsoft’s windows operating system source code is top secret, not to mention the country of the weapon.

“Flexible” manufacturing

If development is to make a weapon system from scratch, then the manufacturer is to make weapons to achieve mass production, and performance, quality can meet the needs of military operations. One able to cope with the challenges of the future battlefield state, must establish the ability to automation technology, information technology and precision processing technology and into one of the “soft” advanced weapons system

Making system.

In the movie “Iron Man”, the actor Tony Stark in his luxury villa in the manufacture of steel jersey, used is a tiny flexible manufacturing system, which consists of a number of numerical control equipment, materials, transport storage devices and computer virtual control system components can be quickly modified in accordance with the requirements of Stark manufacturing materials and processes, while

Automated manufacturing systems to ensure the maximum extent and accuracy of manufacturing processes.

Although this is science fiction movie, but “flexible” manufacturing technology of advanced weapons and military enterprises in the United States has been widely used. Particularly in need high precision, high technology military aviation, aerospace, marine areas. In 2004 the United States, “Defense Today” website has reported that from 2007 to 2027, Lockheed Martin’s goal is to

To mass production when the annual production of 240 F-35 fighter jets, the equivalent of one day does not include the production rate of the weekend! Although this report there is an element of exaggeration, but it shows that the U.S. military giant, a large number of applications has been “flexible” manufacturing technology, it is impossible to make such a terrible speed.

Establishment of a “soft” advanced weapons manufacturing system, not only to break the Western countries in advanced machine tools and other automated manufacturing equipment on the monopoly, but also in artificial intelligence, intelligent sensor technology breakthrough. No advanced manufacturing system, even in the single technically advanced weapons system production rate, process will become

To drag a fatal “short board.”

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Ukraine to give up to join NATO

Jul 7

Posted by admin in International News, Military Sources | Comments off

Ukraine to give up to join NATO 300x227 Ukraine to give up to join NATOUkraine’s parliament on the 1st through the “principles of domestic and foreign policies of Ukraine Law”, in which Ukraine could join NATO is not on the presentation. 279 voting members present, 259 voted in favor of the law. The draft law was submitted to Congress by the President Yanukovich, in which the contents of most concern, is about ensuring the full participation of Ukraine in Europe and regional collective security system, and with Russia and other CIS States and other countries to maintain stable relations and strategic partnership under the premise of the principle of joining the European Union. In addition, the law also described the Ukrainian government’s position in the language, is to protect Ukrainian as the state language development and social fields, the use of Russian and other minority languages to protect the free development and use.

Yulia Tymoshenko, Ukraine’s opposition alliance and the “Our Ukraine – People’s self-defense,” Union of the draft give strong criticism of NATO, and insisted that should make the national language of Ukrainian as the only, the draft called for a boycott the vote. The opposition argued that the adoption of the draft that the Government of Ukraine in the current situation, in fact, hope for integration with Russia.

December 2008 NATO Foreign Ministers meeting, failed to Ukraine and Georgia join NATO, “Membership Action Plan” agreed about the process into two blocked, but the NATO representatives have said there is still the future of Ukraine and Georgia the possibility of joining NATO. But Yanukovich government took office, the withdrawal service for Ukraine to join NATO Ukraine’s “Euro-Atlantic Integration Committee.” Ukraine’s leaders also said that Ukraine will no longer seek to join NATO. NATO said that Yanukovich’s decision was an internal affair of Ukraine.

However, despite Ukraine’s parliament passed the “Law of Ukraine’s domestic and foreign policy principles,” the guidance and regulations, but the Americans still Lawukelan NATO did not give up. July 2 visit to Kiev, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and held talks with President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovich. Hillary talks stressed the hope that Ukraine will join NATO’s stance, saying “NATO’s door is always open to Ukraine.” However, the U.S. Secretary of State to open the fan door of NATO, Yanukovych and did not respond, but to “the efforts of European integration of Ukraine did not retreat, never in doubt” to that of Ukraine joining the European Union desire.

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UFO appeared again in the night sky in Urumqi

Jul 5

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A round of unidentified bright objects UFO appeared again in the night sky in UrumqiMetropolis Daily News these days, the capital of many people talking about the evening of June 30 passing over Xinjiang, a “UFO” in the network is lot of heated discussions. July 4, Xinjiang astronomy expert interpretation, “UFO” is actually on June 30 the U.S. launched an intercontinental missile.

At 11:45 p.m. on the 30 June about the station’s Red Hill in Urumqi City, ready to ride, he suddenly saw someone pointing toward the sky. Press their fingers along the direction that a round of unidentified bright objects flew slowly to the east, its long, fan-shaped white trailing behind.

July 1, “UFO” on the Internet travels uproar. Urumqi, Karamay 100 Spring, Altay City, also have claimed to see UFOs.

Yining Li Jun has also taken people to the evening’s “UFO” photo. Li Jun said that he was driving on clear night, the Iraqi highway, he found a rounded tail and with a long beam the “UFO”, to stay in the sky for a short time.

Astronomical Society of Xinjiang Song Huagang introduced the Secretary-General, the object can not be the “UFO” or UFO, is actually June 30 launch of an intercontinental missile the United States, of some regions can be visually observed under space flight ICBMs.

■ Continue reading

According to People’s Network report, the U.S. military on June 30 from California’s Vandenberg Air Force Base launched a “militia” -3 based ICBMs, and hit targets more than 7000 km away.

Missile in local time at 3:40 on the 30 June (that Beijing at 6:40 p.m. on the 30 June) launched, in the atmosphere across the Pacific outside and hit the reef in the Marshall Islands boast Delin near the target.

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Dock landing ship and the Chinese Maritime Safety

Jul 5

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Kunlun Mountains 300x265 Dock landing ship and the Chinese Maritime SafetyLanding operations of the revolution

As the name suggests, dock landing ship with nature is a kind of ocean-going sailing ability, can carry amphibious landing craft air cushion landing craft and warships. It has a large dock to accommodate the landing craft tanks, in combat, the aft cabin door open water injection, for the amphibious landing craft, amphibious tanks and hovercraft and out. Meanwhile, the modern dock landing ship also has a helicopter landing platform, database and can be equipped with transport helicopters, a vertical crack down on the enemy coastline.

Compared with the traditional landing ships, dock landing ship in the combat mode and combat capability is definitely a revolutionary step forward. Our previous equipment, large landing ship, although as high as several thousand tons displacement, and also add some landing ship helicopter landing platform, but did not dock landing ship tank, so its still a beach landing landing approach, the landing ship needs close to several hundred meters or even tens of meters from the coastline Department to open bow of the “mouth” landing. This amphibious landing approach, landing craft are often subjected to enemy fire hit coastal defense, a beachhead “target.” Dock landing ship with a “picture-style” landing mode, carrier can not close the beaches, the coastline in the distance could be farther from the release and transport helicopters, landing craft launch and landing operations, the safety of landing platform with a certain degree of protection.

Dock landing ship with a huge tonnage, it has unmatched by conventional landing craft ship in space and life, which brings two major benefits: The life and occupant comfort. Great life can make dock landing ship offshore deployment, and deployment of its time at sea longer, so a dock landing ship of the hot spots can be sustained for months deterrence.

Crew comfort is equally important, dock landing ship combat mode is carrying hundreds of Marines and equipment were deployed at sea, in the long voyage, the soldier’s physical and mental state is essential to provide adequate space so soldiers can ship to physical training and small-scale tactical exercise to maintain their physical fitness and quality of basic tactics. Landing ship dock ships because of its large internal space, and helicopters taking off and landing platform for the Marine Corps can provide long deployment at sea.

We compare the dock landing ship tank landing ship and the performance of large-scale, we can easily find dock landing ship has a great advantage.

Retired United States, “Newport” class tank landing ships, for example, load displacement of 8,450 tons of its length 159 m, carrying capacity is not small, and can be carrying 400 fully armed soldiers, 10 tanks or armored vehicles. New tank landing ship also has a helicopter platform, capable of accommodating two medium transport helicopters. Dock landing ship of the load displacement usually tons, such as the U.S., “San Antonio” class dock landing ship load displacement of 25,000 tons, but carrying personnel and equipment is not too much, in general, “San Antonio” class only carrying a battalion of marines (including personnel and equipment). In the full load displacement of almost 3 times the case, the dock landing ship carrying personnel and equipment, the amount was only slightly more Bi Tanke landing ships, dock landing ship then the advantage lie?

The difference lies in the sea holding force and the diversity of vehicles carried. Large tank landing ship’s maximum speed of about 20, life is usually only 3000 to 4000 nautical miles, such as “Newport” class tank landing ship’s life to only 2,500 nautical miles offshore holding force of 10-15 days. As the tank landing ship carrying a large number of personnel and equipment needed supplies, maintenance equipment, supplies and other materials can not be obtained through the sea, and have to follow the formation of offshore supply ship fuel, tank landing ships at sea can not be a long time, “swinging.” Dock landing ship of life is much larger than tank landing ships. “San Antonio” holding force at sea level has not “sea” to measure up. It is six months at sea deployment time, that is, after service in the class ship, at sea for 6 months before they need to return to a port (of course half-way to its need for oil supply ship replenishment at sea). In the U.S. Navy’s operations manual, “San Antonio” class set sail to bring the Marine Corps, will use 1 month or so rushed to the hot spots, and then in the region for a 4-month deterrent patrol, the ship’s landing Teams always on alert, ready to launch the regional situation as small-scale amphibious assault. This task, in any case with a tank landing ship was not completed. Tank landing ship to the narrow cabin and deck so bored Marines inside the first half, not always maintain the combat readiness of the soldiers to come ashore and whether a firm has been a problem.

For the marines, the dock landing ship is not a temporary dwelling of their own means of transport, but a semi-permanent barracks. If necessary, a dock landing ship recruits could be trained as a soldier. Dock landing ship with everything we have in camp: more spacious living space, the necessary space, weight training, weapons and vehicles operating sites, or even range.

In the 1982 Falklands War, the British sent a large naval amphibious fleet, but Britain was not yet equipped with dock landing ship or amphibious assault ship, across the Atlantic Ocean sea-crossing process, in order to keep Marines on board physical and operational status of the soldiers, the British navy to use the accompanying two aircraft carriers and container ships, Marine Corps soldiers in batches by helicopter to the carrier, the flight deck as their training ground, drill team with a variety of tactical actions and . Precisely because of the sea “training camp”, these temporary mobilization marines after a long sea voyage, not only the problem of declining state does not appear, but use this time to study the tactics of navigation, and terrain for the Falklands made a specific exercise, so then began the landing operations more smoothly. Because of this, the United Kingdom can be used for ocean-going deployment of amphibious ships are very concerned about the reduction in the funding situation year after year, still 90′s of last century up to 20,000 tons displacement built the “Ocean” was a helicopter carrier.

If the traditional landing ship “from land to land” combat landing, dock landing ships and amphibious assault ship the Navy was to provide a “from sea to land,” the combat capability. Of course, to realize “from sea to land,” the combat, only a dock landing ship is not enough, also need to have offshore fleet, precision-guided weapons and supported by carrier-based air combat forces, but the dock landing ship is one of the key links .

Why not through the deck?

Domestic service in the dock landing ship before the Japanese “Dayu” level, South Korea, “Dokdo” class dock landing ship had been put into active service. Although the same for the dock landing ship, the ship in Japan and Korea are more “modern”, with direct flight deck and lift, in appearance resembles a light aircraft carrier, so the two ship-often referred to as “quasi-carrier.” Domestic dock landing ships aft there is a larger helicopter landing platform, tall the bridge is still central. The ship caused the appearance of the traditional concerns of many military fans in this the author tries to talk about their own views.

Dock landing ship carrying a landing platform, the main feature is the use of helicopters, landing craft and air cushion landing craft and other mechanical sub-carriers, the troops sent to enemy beaches, launch and landing operations. Because of their means of delivery, determines the basic elements of dock landing ship dock is aft of the tank and helicopter platforms. Amphibious assault ship is the dock landing ship can be considered the “enhanced version”, which not only has a docking compartment, carry their own weapons (including ship-based weapons and vertical landing combat / attack aircraft) are also very strong can be said that the amphibious assault ship In the dock landing ship based on the increase of the air strike capability, with a “land attack” of the dock landing ship.

Take-off from the amphibious assault ship air combat force, currently there are mainly two: armed helicopters and vertical / short take-fighting / attack aircraft. As the marine environment salt spray and water vapor on the corrosion of combat aircraft have a strong role, belonging to the armed forces army aviation helicopter before without a special transformation is not used directly onto the ship, in addition, anti-landing square in the firepower cases, the vitality of the helicopter has been a major problem. Amphibious assault ship can use tools mainly rely on air strikes vertical / short take-fighting / attack aircraft.

The United States is the world’s only amphibious assault ship equipped with the state, the U.S. Navy’s amphibious assault ship is mainly responsible for the two roles, the use of helicopters, LCAC or conventional landing craft delivery unit, the second is to use the AV-8B vertical / short distance from the down the implementation of carrier aircraft with limited sea control tasks and the use of ocean anti-submarine anti-submarine helicopters. As the F-35B will serve, the United States is now preparing for the existing fleet of amphibious assault ship Dress F-35B. F-35B in the Dress, the amphibious assault ship in the sea control will be greatly enhanced. Although the amphibious assault ship can not carry warning planes, the future development of UAV technology unmanned carrier-based early warning aircraft may become a reality, then the United States, the displacement of 40,000 tons of the amphibious assault ship Jiang have strong maritime control, be sufficient light of other countries or even medium-sized aircraft carrier operations.

Japan and South Korea were not the introduction of AV-8B, so they built “Dayu” level and “Dokdo” level, the were not prepared to carry the vertical / short-range carrier-based aircraft landing. Japan has joined the “Joint Strike Fighter” program, but so far, Japan’s only going to use F-35A, the conventional takeoff and landing, the Japanese Self-Defense Force Air Force equipment. “Dokdo” class can not fit on the lift F-35B, of its hangar size also does not take into account the need to carry these aircraft, “Dayu” level the structure is more simple, and not set under the hangar deck. Although the two ships can theoretically be achieved through large-scale transformation of carrying 4 to 6 F-35B (“Osumi” class can be tethered directly to the deck F-35B) of the target, but such a big change takes a long time and money, not from the cost that a light aircraft such as the new office, after all, South Korea and Japan is the world’s largest ship design and construction of a light aircraft carrier is not insurmountable difficulties. The construction of Japan “quasi carriers” to prove that Japan’s East Asian security threat is redundant, we all know that current technology to the Japanese strength, can easily Jianzao a fairly good medium-sized aircraft carrier Xingneng hull, do not use “Dayu” level to What technology demonstrator aircraft carrier.

Therefore, were unable to carry the vertical / short take the case of carrier aircraft, the “big corner,” and “Dokdo” class dock landing ship and domestic performance in combat is not qualitatively different. In the dock landing ship using the straight deck, also need to pay a certain price, large size makes the flight deck of the ship structure, larger weight and cabin space is limited and so on. Of course, straight for the ship-borne helicopter landing deck has some advantages, in through the deck of the dock landing ship, the helicopter can take off by way of short-range roll, as opposed to completely “straight up and down” the fixed take-off mode, short-range can increase the number of take-off roll off load, but the gap is not significant.

Dock landing ship made amphibious ships offshore, as our first attempt, technically conservative design is forgiven, the same time as the dock landing ship, its main function modules (dock space, and helicopters taking off and landing systems) were already available, with the most basic of combat capability, so the design is more successful. Along with the construction of shipbuilding technology and accumulation of experience in the design of future amphibious ships will also become more sophisticated.

Maritime territorial disputes in the limited war

Due to historical reasons, China some time after the founding of the Nansha Islands sea area is not effectively controlled, resulting in most of the Nansha Islands and 60,70 in the last century’s neighboring countries were occupied. They say, easy to allay it, please God, in the neighboring countries has resulted in the fact that the situation holds, although today’s Chinese Navy already has the ability to cruise Spratly Islands, but the forces of surface ships and submarines from the need to defend the interests of Nansha is still considerable distance.

Peace and development have become mainstream of the world today, forced by large-scale war to recover the possibility of the Nansha islands and reefs occupied a small, but equally, through international negotiations and diplomatic pressure is difficult to recover the Nansha interests. The status of the Nansha Islands to the Chinese Navy made a pointed question. To solve this dilemma, we need not only to long-range cruise of the Spratlys and the aircraft carrier air power, in fact, the low intensity of the “limited war”, in a number of surface warships with cooperation from the dock landing ship more to “skillfully deflected the” role. Dock landing ship of balance and versatility, a Navy combat operations in the Spratly Islands offers a variety of options.

War for limited objectives of the British maritime strategist Julian Corbett made in the last century, “sea limited war” theory. Corbett that maritime rights and interests in the form of struggle can be divided into all-out war and limited war, total war aim is to comprehensively beat the hostile country, to destroy the capacity of countries into the sea, and limited war aim is to beat each other in a particular field, thus achieve a certain strategic objectives. Spratly Islands dispute, the parties appear to have a limited objective. Nansha Islands and neighboring countries, we occupy, to obtain a copy of the Nansha area of marine resources; and China also are seeking recovery of reefs, rather than destroy the military forces around the country. In this premise, any party to war hastily magnification, from low-intensity skirmishes upgrade to the large-scale war, not a wise move, in addition to wreak havoc outside the country’s strategic resources, the geographic sensitivity may also result in the Nansha Islands other powers involved in the Spratly Islands conflict, making the situation more complicated struggle.

Nansha Islands, reefs are numerous, but these islands were not great. Taiping Island, the largest of which is currently the only two companies of military scale, the Nansha Islands in the Pacific Islands is the only self-capacity of freshwater island, not only the Nansha Islands and other smaller area, including all materials, including fresh water have to rely on foreign supplies. Fewer of these troops (usually only several dozen people), supply dependence on the mainland of enemy occupied islands, dock landing ship from the sea using a raid to seize and stick to a certain time, is entirely feasible technically.

Dock landing ship with a longer self-sustaining power and life at sea, it is a deployment at sea of ships, while the large navigable tank landing ship is a ship at sea. Dock landing ship carrying Marines in the Nansha area is a normal combat patrol, but contains a large tank landing ship squadron appeared in the Nansha area is often considered a prelude to large-scale military operations. Conventional landing craft at sea while holding force is limited, can only stay in the Nansha sea area a few days, during this time, neighboring countries may be alert and response measures taken in diplomacy. Therefore, the use of dock landing ship launched against the enemy occupied island “limited attack”, can be reached at the battle of sudden.

Contrast from the strength point of view, dock landing ship carrying a Marine Corps battalion size, fully capable of winning the mandate of a single enemy occupied islands and reefs. Dock landing ship itself is installed in the caliber gun and a number of short-range carrier-based suppression of firearms, for the Marine Corps can provide some fire support. As the carrying capacity of amazing, the recovery after the enemy occupied islands and reefs, we can use the ship carrying the equipment and materials, the rapid construction of fortifications on the islands and reefs and sovereignty of signs, to the garrison stationed on the island, hoarding supplies needed for long stick and ammunition.

Naval blockade and limited deterrence

Limited war aim is to find each other at the strategic layout of “Achilles heels”, by just right of the local hit, the other completely passive. Layout Spratly Islands in the reefs, making it is easy to identify the conflict, the “key points” on a particular one or two reefs to fight and recover, to achieve our strategic goal. 90 in the last century the struggle against the Philippine sea, we build through the capture and base Mischief Reef, departing from the Philippines, local tender must only control the Mischief Reef area, making the Philippines in the Nansha islands and reefs occupied caught unprecedented passive. Similarly, in the struggle against the sea of other countries, we can use this “key point” tactics, that is to occupy a key reefs to form other potential enemy occupied islands and reefs of the siege of its transport fleet supply the formation of block.

Dock landing ship involved in the form of a naval blockade, in cooperation with surface vessels in the sea area of conflict for a long period of combat cruise. Dock landing ship a large helicopter platform, and the hull large, have good ability of airworthiness and anti-wave, suitable for such in the Nansha area of high sea and patrol. Naval blockade of the main target is the enemy starting from the local transport fleet. Depend on the situation as the two sides, blocking can be divided into maritime surveillance, expelled enemy ships, other vessels such as detention and sinking of several grades, which supplies much-needed support for a very deadly enemy occupied islands and reefs.

Naval blockade is a form of limited war, the purpose of a naval blockade, through military deterrence, to occupy the neighboring countries of the Spratlys, in fact unsustainable, so we get more at the negotiating table the initiative. At the same time, participate in a naval blockade of the fleet also requires the implementation of stronger strength of military operations, which the adversary is also a real threat. Yao away from the direction of the mainland of China to implement a naval blockade, not only need the ability to offshore activities, surface warships, also needs the participation of dock landing ship. Because the dock landing ship not only for sea blockade, but also a sudden deterioration in the situation in the negotiations as soon as the “sea blockade” into a “limited war”, can provide more options for policy-makers.

Protect our reefs of the Nansha Islands on the control reefs our conditions very difficult. These reefs are a very small area, and the Spratly Islands and other reefs, as supplies and ammunition needed transportation from the rear. In addition, troops are not many, we control the reefs also exists the danger of attacks by neighboring countries. Our surface ships currently cruising the density of the Spratly Islands has significantly increased than in the past, but still not have enough ships to do at any time in the deployment of the Nansha sea area, dock landing ship made after the service, to fill gaps in China’s amphibious capabilities, the use of in the ocean, while amphibious assault operations, but also for the defense of our occupied islands and reefs.

Dock landing ship at sea in the use of defensive operations, above all, reinforcements and supplies for reefs. Use of dock landing ship carrying landing craft and helicopters, able to ship 100 kilometers away from our reefs emergency transport materials and personnel to enhance the island’s defense forces to fight the enemy’s invasion. Secondly, the deployment of the Nansha sea dock landing ship also provides a vital force for the islands and reefs when we were temporarily seized, the dock landing ship can launch a counterattack against the enemy, to regain the islands and reefs. If there is no deployment of dock landing ship at sea, the enemy is likely to occupy the reefs for a long period of time, whether on the battlefield or in foreign affairs, will be very negative.

Large-scale war in the dock landing ship

China is a country with 18,000 kilometers of coastline and numerous islands of the sea state, and reunification has not been completed, the issue of sovereignty in a number of islands, also in dispute with neighboring countries. And destroyers, frigates, submarines, warships and other main compared to the Navy landing ship and equipment in our sequence does not introduce attention, but it undertakes the task of cross-sea transportation of combat troops, in addition to Xisha, Nansha port of the island who can not build the task of conveying material supplies, the importance least as much as any of the other ships.

Landing craft from the world development, the large, universal has become a trend, such as the United States, Britain, France, Italy and other States are equipped with large-scale amphibious landing ships are strong and are developing more advanced, larger tonnage of , faster speed landing craft, and these countries, China Fleet landing there is a big shortage of transport capacity also. China’s neighboring countries are also rapidly expanding its navy amphibious ships, in addition to Japan and Korea, ASEAN and South Asian countries are by way of the arms purchase from abroad and even used a large landing ship dock landing ship.

To improve the transport capacity and increase the use of landing ships, landing craft to the future to large-scale, balanced development. Dock landing ship loaded a large quantity, life force, self-sustaining and strong, anti-wave is good, versatile, can better achieve “balanced loading” and were far from the sea long-term deployment, greatly improve the combat capability of landing ships and the use of flexible sex.

Examples from the world view of landing operations, pay more attention to the speed of modern landing operations, since landing fall backs, is the most difficult kind of fighting. If the sea-crossing time and the assault landing time is shortened to give the enemy no doubt be fully prepared and greatly enhance the opportunities for success in landing operations. At this point, our landing craft are not the most satisfactory manner. Active landing ships from our situation, hovercraft and helicopters capable of carrying not more, and landing ship speed was generally small. Especially in the formation after the addition of civilian vessels, the speed varies due to various ships, and sea-crossing to ensure the formation of the unified rate will have great difficulty. In addition, a local sea war in the future, the beach landing operations against the enemy when landing because the setting is not only combined with fire plan, and natural and artificial obstacles and obstructions combined with the temporary setting of early set formed by combining an extremely dense barrier system. In this case, the former shore landing plane direct approach has gradually given way to combat use of amphibious assault ships, large air cushion landing craft, helicopters, three-dimensional vertical landing combat methods. These new tools, a large number of landing equipment, the modern landing operations faster, better maneuverability, and can focus on the enemy across the beach obstacles and fortified the coast, deep in the enemy’s landing, landing operations out of the past, with backs to the adverse situation, greatly speed up the process of landing.

The demand for combat operations against Taiwan, China continue to expand the traditional landing fleet size, the should be equipped with a number of dock landing ship, and develop to the hovercraft, a large ground-effect plane, helicopter landing, and other new tools to break the traditional style of landing operations development of integrated joint operations capability.

Integrated theory of the essence of joint landing: formation of a high degree of synthetic full-time troops in Landing Operation to independently carry out combat missions. The force size is not necessarily great, but the financial land, sea and air combat capability in one, dedicated landing ship activities with soldiers, helicopters are configured with the ship, and a certain air and sea assault on the fire. Integrated joint forces usually ship tactical units have a certain attack, transport, and self-protection of sea-crossing and landing assault force, with strong mobility and synthetic. Once the War, just sent out several vessels or the dozens of ships, will be able to form a certain scale amphibious assault force.

Synthesis of this elite fighting force, not only to avoid the use of different types of ships and temporary services and arms to bring some of the drawbacks, and can reduce the threat of high-tech weapons. In rough seas, assault landing stage, the landing force distributed independently, avoiding the high-tech weapons has caused a greater combat casualties. U.S. and British coalition forces in the second Middle East War Battle of Port Said, direct transmission from the ship-borne helicopter for vertical landing, a helicopter landing in the history of using the first vertical landing. U.S. invasion of Grenada, the troops landed in 6000, of whom only 250 were landed by landing craft, and the other by the transport umbrella, landing and take a helicopter landing.

Super-horizon assault landing 80 of the last century since the United States first proposed the landing operations tactics. The tactics required in the future high-tech local wars crossing and landing operations, 2 / 3 of the troops to take “from the shore to shore,” or “from the ship to shore” in the form of air transport to the enemy launched a surprise attack, and quickly follow-up to the enemy coast mobile combat forces, timely expansion of victories, winning landing beaches and landing field, landing operations rapidly to achieve the purpose. Super-horizon assault landing theory, its essence is to rely on high-tech landing tools, rapid transport landing forces ashore. The one hand this way from the landing force of basic underwater obstacles, and high speed landing spot formation can transfer area or pan of water set up in a place far from the coast, reducing the enemy fire on the landing transport ship coast boat threat.

Landing operations conducted over the horizon, must be equipped with landing craft or amphibious assault ship dock. Dock landing ship used in amphibious air-cushion landing craft has a good nature, not only travel but also directly on the water landing, the landing troops with weapons and vehicles, materials sent to the enemy with the cast of the lateral line of defense, thus eliminating the interference from the beach water landing this difficult stage, which greatly accelerated the assault landing speed. To take such a landing approach, by beach topography and hydrology, and sea restrictions greatly reduced, making the landing area conducive to greater choice lots more, faster mobility, and further increases the landing direction and landing site variability, and landing operations to achieve sudden, realized the assault landing in the distance and speed.

Taiwan’s integration in joint operations, the dock landing ship landing fleet combined with the traditional, not only to visit the battlefield to achieve positive integration and diversification, and dock landing ship as a balanced loading capacity and greater endurance, you can Taiwan to launch the secondary direction of small-scale diversionary landing operations. Landing ship dock ships required to meet the less, the basic control command of the sea in the waters or even single-ship actions, to use its air-cushion landing craft and helicopters, weak defense against the enemy’s flank and rear of the coastline to launch battalion-scale landing operations, in line with the positive landing site of action. In addition, the dock landing ship amphibious command is a good platform, due to ship large, with plenty of cabin space for theater command structure set up in the mobile command post set up near the enemy coast, the landing operation command complex.

Conclusion

Amphibious landing ships carrying capacity is no doubt strong, but if we regard it as a “porter” a serious mistake. The completion of the new dock landing ship marks the People’s Navy landing operations will be significant changes in style. Meanwhile, the domestic dock landing ships is a starting point, in the hope that China’s future naval amphibious force would be more powerful and comprehensive.

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Most of the Russian spy suspects are Handsome men and beautiful women

Jul 1

Posted by admin in Military Sources, Russia | Comments off

Anna Chapman 28 year old spy 229x300 Most of the Russian spy suspects are Handsome men and beautiful womenAccording to reports, U.S. Department of Justice recently announced the arrest of 11 among 10 people arrested, 8 were married, the remaining duo, including a “hot” in beauty Anna Chapman, and she has red hair, full body economic master, called both beauty and wisdom, while the other is the “sportsman” Smenko.

According to reports, 28-year-old Chapman is Russian, lives in downtown Manhattan residence of a property in the online brokerage business, reportedly worth two million U.S. dollars, “New York Post,” Chapman has described the “Western model offered underwear figure “(Victoria’s Secret body).

U.S. prosecutors said Chapman, “agents who have received rigorous training.” It is reported that she used his personal network, starting in January this year, will be sent to the Russian authorities confidential.

Administration refers to Chapman and to establish a private network connection to exchange data, once she walked into the coffee shop, Internet access with portable computers, and a connector’s truck drove to the roadside, the two private networks exchange information using computer .

Last week, an FBI officer posing as “the Russian official,” a restaurant in New York to meet with Chapman, asked Chapman to a fake passport to a female spy. They further confirmed that a secret joint statement, believed to “spy” will be asked: “Last year we met you in California?” Chapman would answer: “No, I think we should be seen in Hampton , right? ”

When Chapman and the “official” meeting, the Chapman false name and fake address real-time purchase of a phone, is believed to be used to avoid surveillance by U.S. authorities.

I do not know why Chapman did not ultimately conduct this task, but she’s another “party” men spy suspects Smenko is exactly the trap of the FBI. Undercover officers asked Smenko, if something was brought to light what?

He replied: “will destroy the hard disk to install communications equipment, while only a place to escape, is the Russian Consulate in New York.”

Reports that the handsome Smenko is a 30-year-old about the “sportsman”, driving Mercedes S500 sedan with a blonde girlfriend. He will speak Russian, English, Spanish and Mandarin, in a travel agency, primarily Chinese and Hispanic people to help plan itineraries.

Neighbor pointed Smenko conversation with his girlfriend will be in Russian, no interaction with neighbors.

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Belgium announced the integration of European air transport command

Jun 30

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Belgian Prime Minister’s Office 28, issued a statement that the Cabinet has approved the Defense Dekeleimu than the proposed integration of European air transport command of the proposal, and signed a technology agreement.

Integration of European air transport command is a command of air transport force member standing body, there are already in Germany, France, the Netherlands and Belgium signed a letter of intent. Construction of the European air transport command of the principles of integration, members of the Air Force will own tactical and strategic delivery forces contributed, by the command of unified deployment in order to increase efficiency of use of Member States military transport aircraft.

Integration of European air transport command, based in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, responsible for four members of the various aspects of air transport, including transport task scheduling and execution, training and flight safety. The command center will be put into use in July, is expected to begin on September 1 to exercise the functions of official operation on December 22.

Integration of the European air transport command of the current total of more than 170 military transport planes, including 13 long-range military transport aircraft Airbus A320 and A330, 120 Hercules tactical cargo aircraft TRANSALL and C130, aerial refueling Airbus A310, as well as other small aircraft , but no helicopter, flying a total capacity of 70 000 flight hours a year. The sovereignty of all military transport aircraft remain unchanged, maintaining the same ownership, deployment bases remain unchanged.

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Desert tactical light weapons showcased latest SRS sniper rifles

May 19

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Desert tactical light weapons showcased latest SRS sniper rifles 300x104 Desert tactical light weapons showcased latest SRS sniper riflesSpecial equipment in 2010 show Jordanian desert tactical light weapons companies (Desert Tactical Arms) presented its “secret Scout” (Stealth Recon Scout: SRS) weapons systems, the company claimed that rifle is the world’s largest firearms use, its unique structure to enable it to quickly change aperture. Whole system has good flexibility, full length gun was even shorter than the M16A2 assault rifle.

Desert tactical light weapons, said the company, SRS is the world’s shortest sniper rifles, sniper rifles shorter than most conventional 300 mm, this is because the rifle used without care structure and scalable butt design, which makes the whole center of gravity gun After the move, only to grow up big gun reduced, and improved balance.

Initially the company plans to design a special firing .338-caliber lapua – magnum rifle ammunition, but in communication with the military and the police, the company found that their .300 Winchester – magnum caliber and .308 caliber Winchester more interested. This change makes the rifle .300 and .308 derived from the diameter of different caliber have different uses, some have good mobility and penetration is not too strong to use in street fighting, some in mountains use, emission .338 lapua – magnum shells with a range of 1 mile.

Another advantage of SRS is the user mobility only with .308-caliber Winchester rifle trained on it, because the latter is easier to shoot and barrel life is .338 lapua – magnum caliber rifle 4 times. Design requires rifle can be used in extremely harsh environment, therefore, SRS uses a high impact polymer, aerospace grade aluminum, high strength steel and high strength coatings. Allegedly, SRS in a simulated environment is maintained in any good precision and reliability, including high temperature, dust, moisture and cold environment.

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International organizations said: Over the past 10 years in India, more than 5,000 people killed or injured by mines

Nov 21

Posted by admin in Asia, Military Sources | Comments off

November 21 Xinhua, “the International Campaign to Ban Landmines” (ICBL) 20 issued a report that over the past 10 years, about 3,000 people died in India mine blast, more than 2,000 injured, most of the incidents took place in India and Pakistan border, Jammu-cum – Kashmir.

According to “Central News Agency” reports, ICBL in the “Mine Monitoring Report 2009,” pointed out that cum following the Jammu Kashmir, the Indian province of northeastern Manny slope (Manipur) is also a civilian mine casualties in most areas.

Reported that a mine explosion in the Indian region, including the western state of Rajasthan (Rajasthan), Punjab (Punjab), the northern province of Sikkim (Sikkim) and eastern and central regions such as the rebellion.

Reported that the Indian military the most recent large-scale mining operations are in the India-Pakistan border in 2001-2002 up to 2880 kilometers of the border areas, an estimated two million laying of mines, a direct impact on India of more than 21 villages in the region 6000 family security.

The report notes that the Indian military units to conduct mine clearance Though action, but also suffered many casualties. ICBL called on India to sign the Convention on the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. Reports that an estimated 400-500 million pieces in India is still stored anti-personnel mines.

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China’s new submarine combat capability with a good Mute and strong attack

Nov 20

Posted by admin in China, Military Sources | Comments off

Chinas new nuclear submarine 300x201 Chinas new submarine combat capability with a good Mute and strong attackAutumn 2009, the People’s Navy submarine force came good news: China has independently developed the successful completion of a new type of submarine dive limit, underwater high-speed, deep-sea mine warfare launched series of tests and training evaluation, etc., all the performance indicators to meet the design and operational requirements, marks the formation of China’s new submarine fully operational capability.

The birth of a new submarine, the Navy’s rally in a factory representative of the military effort and sweat. Them, with the basing of the Republic of loyalty and blood iron and steel “Blue Whale”, from the slipway towards the ocean.

Mission: To the birth of a new submarine, the new starting line sprint

One day in December 2006, the CPC Central Committee General Secretary and State President and CMC Chairman Hu Jintao, himself for a new type of submarine in the first boat out into the flag.

After the flag presentation ceremony, Hu Jintao has boarded two new submarines to inspect deep into a battle for every bit, asked in detail about the quality and performance of equipment, he repeatedly advised the boats the men, we must learn the proper management and use of new equipment, so that new equipment combat as soon as possible.

Turn of the century, after the CPC Central Committee, Central Military Commission, China formally started the construction of new submarines.

The development of new submarines, the People’s Navy an important step in restructuring and development.

History has chosen them – the Navy Military Representative Office in a factory to assume supervision of the sacred mission of the new submarine.

New submarine must be high-tech age births. The need to re-establish production lines, processes, equipment, materials need to re-develop, staff need to re-train … … all stand in a brand new starting line.

Similarly, the military representatives stationed in a factory room will also be standing at a new starting line. From more than 10 local colleges and universities by the army and assigned to the representative chamber 40 doctoral, master’s and undergraduate students, embarked on a new type of submarine supervision positions.

The face of new submarine involved in more than 1,000 professional and technical categories, the young delegates to a military fort launched a dash of technology: “brush up” professional knowledge and 10 days won a major; familiar with drawing information, they often all night long and his eyes bloodshot; to master technical personnel and workers ask for help, plant three shifts, they Lian Zhouzhuan … … In this way, a new generation of military representatives in just 3 months into his new role on the half year to assume supervision of the independent task.

Chinese New Year has just passed, the new submarine power component installation is in progress.

Conductor gallery filled with relevant leaders and experts, through the video system, they watch every detail of installed components.

Article 10 components begin filling.

Designers, on-site construction and assembly plants have confirmed that the professional inspector: fuel assembly number, coordinates and drawing on the logo exactly the same.

As a member of the Group 3 tests, 25-year-old was alone in the military on behalf of Liu Haipeng stayed. He repeatedly warned myself: careful, careful, and then carefully!

Power Components Up to dozens of groups, internal structure, composition different from the appearance it is difficult to distinguish. Liu Haipeng Projections by the Working Principle: “10 components should not be in this position!”

On-site commander immediately ordered: operation suspended! Liu Haipeng than made after repeated: “Drawings identification error!” Authorities immediately organized the right drawing, component, loading position re-examined to confirm the conclusion that: “Liu representative was right!”

The chief architect of the new submarine the first time that this has happened, immediately called to the scene: “a young army representatives to find such an important issue, great!” Liu Haipeng awarded for this second-class power.

Submarine construction is a large and complex systems engineering. Military representative to bear from design to construction, the whole process of inspection and acceptance testing.

Fan-Ming Meng, Deputy Chief Representative briefed reporters on such a string of numbers: a new type of submarine construction from start to delivery units, the military need for the identification of projects on behalf of more than 100,000, and acceptance of technical documentation, drawings data, calculated data can be loaded with a truck .

On behalf of the whole group of seven military to check the acceptance of the project reached 1.5 million, related to the overall layout, shipping performance, hull structure, outfitting anti-corrosion, vibration and noise reduction five major professional 50 subjects; wheel unit 9 comrades in charge of 66 large systems, 732 sets of equipment; Wubei Group of electronic equipment must correspond to only a few dozen factories … …

Wu Wang Yang, 23-year-old military representative on the task of independently undertake the submarine acceptance. In September 2008, he was at the construction site supervision, “the external branch of the cartridge loop” machining, through measurements found that workers crossed position will be processing classified high. In case processing is wrong, will affect the missile launch tube of the benchmark, we should scrap the whole cartridge will bring about a series of serious consequences. The discovery of a timely, Wu ocean by the award.

Cross: In order new submarine high-performance, the face of risk is not made to give up

Represents a new type of submarine of modern science and technology and industrial development in China, the highest level achieved “From there to the superior” historic leap:

Widespread adoption of new technologies, new processes, new materials, new equipment, system is more complete, more advanced performance, operational faster reaction, and quiet performance, better and more offensive capability.

Military representatives of the leader to lead the cross.

New type of submarine tonnage big, large diameter submerged deep, deep need to adopt to withstand the pressure of new high-strength steel.

We all eyes are focused on the success of our newly developed special steel. Stretching, bending, cracking test; hardness, precision, density testing; fracture inspection, chemical analysis … …

However, it is troublesome is: precisely because of this high-strength steel “rather break than bend” and “steel” of welding very difficult.

The first welding test, examination pass rate for less than 10%!

The second, third … … have several tests, pass rate has hovered at a low level. The new submarine welding pass rate requirement to be 100%!

Problem repeatedly attack high, so that everyone felt the high-strength steel using this great risk, hastily adopted, if the weld was defective, the consequences can not imagine. “Otherwise in the end use of this steel?”

Military representatives and the builders of these concerted efforts: “high-strength steel will never give up! The key technology is not a breakthrough, submarines, it would not be ‘for type’, the follow-up boats also will be affected!”

Military Representative Office, together with the factory specialized research project and began the difficult process step by step to explore.

The whole factory selected 80 welder training, on the model tests carried out under harsh conditions. Beginning of winter frost winter, temperatures dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius, the military brass bridge on behalf of Lee, Chen Ai-Zhi, Sun Qian, Li Ning, Zhang W, Fan name of qi, and the workers work alongside the master, facing intense welding arc welding to do test burns of the eyes, swollen cheeks frozen, and rotten cold toes, and may be their determination than high-strength steel is also hard.

Welding wire, gas, process overall innovation. From the soft and hard wire, gas ratio, welding speed to weld parts of the “warm” “After the heat,” from hand-welded to the automatic welding, work hard for 37 days, after hundreds of failures, they finally find out about the high-strength steel The “temperament,” a key breakthrough in welding technology, and achieve process stability. The range of advanced surface by means of weld testing and internal testing, with a pass rate of 100%!

The development of new submarine in the construction process, the military representatives participated in 100 research a number of major technical problems in the field of more than 10 core technologies to achieve a major breakthrough and make it applied.

This year in August, the new submarine boat on land the first joint test. Boats followed the “rotating main converter unit,” is to ensure the safety of the submarine core equipment. The FBI found that the equipment characteristics of instability, and can not be used in emergency state manual. As a test head of the military representatives Pei Feng insisted that: The new boat for the first time power system automation control, must also guarantee that an emergency start. Focus on the need for new submarines, he strongly advocated a more advanced “static-type main converter devices.”

This, at that time was a “world problem.” Representative Office in the military leadership’s support, Pei Feng took part in the research team, after hundreds of day and night research, and finally successfully developed the “static-type main converter device”, this new equipment to enable a new emergency power system, advanced submarines, reliability increased dramatically.

A truly new type of submarine is a submarine information. Electronic equipment Mimizaza, performance, complicated. Military Representative Office of the lead set up the “expert group” for the various kinds of electronic equipment on the boat to simulate the magnetic field testing, the establishment of electromagnetic radiation “ultra-poor assessment of the” new models and to analyze the surrounding equipment, anti-jamming capability. Through calculation and test, design the ideal information equipment compatible programs, the implementation of equipment, systems, the overall three control and successfully resolved the high-tech brings new risks, to ensure that a new type of submarine information superiority and comprehensive operational effectiveness of the play.

Responsibility: sign acceptance on behalf of the State, depending on the quality of the submarine, such as life -

Chief representative of the CHAI Xiao-wen, in the submarine supervision post for 20 years, participated in the development of China’s first generation of submarines supervision, supervision of new submarines is now a leading figure. He knows the military on behalf of the inspection report, signed on the weight put pen to paper: “We are representing the State Inspection and Acceptance.”

Quality is the life of the submarine, but also on behalf of the military life. The birth of each submarine, from a steel plate, a weld, a valve, a bolt, the military representatives have to personally pass three hurdles, let off a shred of vulnerability.

“Crawl space” is the military representatives of the “basic skills.” Submarines, hundreds of small compartments, each bilge corner Sazhuo their sweat.

“More difficult to drill areas, the more ‘technology accessibility’ test priorities.” Overall team leader Li Ning deliberately explained: not “drill” but “climb” and must “limbs touch the ground.” Double pressure shell caught, followed by almost a drawer, only flat tummy in, pour tummy out, get out of being stuck in the inside is a frequent occurrence. Time, the military on behalf of Zhang to 9:00 crawl out until 15 o’clock, because collapse was almost choking, dragged out, arms, knees are frayed leather … …

Ning rough forget this: 1 boat dry down, the military stands for “crawl space” total length of more than 400 kilometers, the equivalent of 10 marathons crawl forward!

“Submarine is no small matter.” The smallest details have contests. On one occasion, the shipyard, “complain”: equipment installation finished, the military on behalf of Zhang Wei does not agree and acceptance. Things, “zombies” in a plug. Zhang Wei found that, because when the cable laying into poor effort in order to insert the jack plug. He said: “so easy to break, you must re-install!”

We must find the reasons for quality problems. Army on behalf of Xu Jin-liang Regulator Fastener Torque is not found in compliance, so that equipment factory three times rework. After compliance, Xu Jin-liang not give up, persist to find out the reasons. He and plant technology, together with the nut on the bolt thread size of each measurement, one by one to do chemical composition analysis, mechanical properties of each doing testing, and finally the identification of “super bad” reasons, so that follow-up to the quality of products is guaranteed.

New submarine massive and the country’s 22 provinces, seven major industry groups, 20 design units, more than 500 factories involved in the construction. The face of enterprise restructuring, the market economy, the new environment, the military on behalf of room for adherence to “national security paramount, equipment, construction quality first”, to play a leading role in the military, brave improve coordination, promote the military, factory, the largest cooperative to ensure the construction quality.

Power plant control equipment and more interfaces there are thousands of participating in a number of design units, each interface is given not uniform, do not match. Zushi, director of the trial served as the military representatives Liu Zhizhong, repeated communication with the design department, adhere to standards, unified voltage, current interface; his trial diagram also found that some units in order to easily design and production, have larger equipment size, so that the submarine control rooms are crowded. He also and design, together with the right control system for each device one by one study, provides a unified size, and control room layout optimization. Control system for the FBI ahead of a months to complete.

Loyalty: Youth bearing glory and dreams of blood cast submarine “keel”

All tests of the submarine, we should limit the number of the most dangerous and unpredictable diving.

Chief representative of the CHAI Xiao-wen, deputy chief representative of the Fan-Ming Meng, Chen Ai-Zhi, 14 were duty-bound to participate in a new type of submarine boat limit of two types of the first deep dive test.

Army on behalf of Wang Sheng 1 week before the dive medical examination and found that the Minister of the liver the size of a 5 cm mass, initially diagnosed as hemangioma. His hesitation to make a choice: “first dive, after surgery!”

Submarine dive review, every cabin, every piece of equipment, every cable, every weld, their inspection, testing is more than six times!

Compressive deformation in the boat dive experience. The main circulating sea water system pipe, “bellows” As soon as the bursting of the influx of sea water per second would have a large number of tanks, causing an instant crash boat tragedy. The potential pre-test and calculation, found that “bellows” linear deformation changes in depth when the dive to the limit, it may even break approaching the limit of its tolerance. “Must ensure that everything goes!” Chief representative of the Cai Xiao-Wen Ma Jun, who led the repeated calculation, verification, to take the weight of “transfer” measures, successfully resolved the security problems.

China’s new submarine deep dive test a complete success!

Slipway and sweat, blood and cast the “blue whale.”

Fan-Ming Meng, deputy chief representative at the test site is to stay for 13 months; the military on behalf of Wang Sheng continuous 22-month experiment in the field to participate in sailing, sea more than 130 days out of full-qin, a voyage does not fall … …

“Saturday undertake not to rest on Sundays does not guarantee that” This is a portrayal of the military on behalf of overtime over many years.

From the start of the day the new submarine, the military representatives of the average overtime hours is equivalent to three years of the normal workload.

Before the Spring Festival in 2004, the first boat main pump motor failure. Military Representative Office bulletin board that appears in five Chinese characters “that it had no New Year”! Lunar New Year’s Eve afternoon and started this morning, TANG Yao-Yang, Xiao-Ming Xu boarded the train rushed to the manufacturer, on-site dismantling the main pump motor, analyze the causes, from the first form stem to the sixth days, until the troubleshooting.

Every 10 years, the Spring Festival, the military on behalf of a holiday is only 2 days.

Hai-wide 6-month pregnant wife, check out the suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome. Mission at sea Zhang W, until the day before his wife give birth come back. Newborns only 1800 grams, the doctor told: the child has severe dangerous period of 7 days. But the first 5 days, Zhang W had any connection with the boat to sea. Today, the brain child came to a disability, 3 year old and you still can not speak.

Even so, the military representatives are still no regrets in love with their cause. Military Representative Lu Hai Jin gave up on his choice of hiring a company-paid feel pride: “The new submarines worldwide attention, but personally involved in the construction of submarines, few can?”

New submarine traveling in the ocean, laden with military representatives of the glory and the dream: The blood of the Republic of youth and build strong underwater Great Wall!

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The pistol of the murderer used in the U.S. military camp shooting

Nov 13

Posted by admin in Military Sources, Weapons | Comments off

FN57 The pistol of the murderer used in the U.S. military camp shootingFort Hood, shooting case, hasan major with two pistols, fired more than 100 rounds of ammunition, killing 13 people and wounding 30 people. He is one of two pistols revolvers (caliber and model unknown), the other is FN57. As Army major, Hassan sure that our basic firearms training, performance and use of handguns are more familiar with. He also explains the choice of pistols this point. Revolvers can be loading six-fat, good reliability, not afraid of blind fire, but re-loading slowly, with a range close to accuracy is also poor, for better self-defense at close range. FN57 are automatic pistol, is not that it can be repeating, but can be continuously pulled the trigger firing, without the need to re-pull bolt between each firing. The structure easier to withstand large revolvers recoil, so it can launch large powerful ammunition. Hassan did not know how much the caliber of the revolver was estimated to be .38, .40, .45 between a, it may be like Magnum to strengthen the power of bullets. But the revolver should not be a major weapon the assailant Hassan, the amount of capacity is too small bombs, firing more than 100 issued to loading almost 20 times, each time the total have to have tens of seconds to 1 minute? Estimated Hassan’s main weapon is FN57, revolvers only be used for magazines in the FN57 time to be defensive if someone rushed into use. Hassan would like to quite in thoughtful.

This is the Belgian FN product, FN for the Fabrique Nationale, the national arsenal meaning. This is the world’s leading manufacturers of light weapons is one of Germany’s reputation never less than HK, the United States Colt. FN HP during World War II is the first large-scale production of automatic pistols, in both the Allied and German widely used, the national army is also widely used, since the National Army FN HP manufactured in Canada, so the national army FN HP has also become “Canada pistol.” After the war, FN FAL as NATO standard rifle standards, in the NATO countries, Israel, India and other countries widely used, FN MAG, FN Minimi Western countries and is still the standard general-purpose machine guns and light machine guns. In the 90′s, FN break the routine, developed a new 5.7-mm rounds, and on this basis, research and development of the P90 submachine gun and FN57 pistol, once again the world leader in the field of light weapons, the trend. P90 to break the traditional projectiles themselves – magazine structure, but the level of the magazine placed on the top gun in the breech loaded into the firing chamber when the rollover position. This structure is very compact, so that the world’s lightest P90 submachine gun, one small. FN57 is not as revolutionary in structure, but the engineering plastics frame and the reliability of the traditional FN make FN57 name of the gun has the potential to become a generation, the most important thing is, FN57 with the Western world’s largest magazine capacity, one can-loading as many as 20 rounds, while the usual 9 mm pistols can be loading 15-fa, the U.S. fans reluctant to part of the 11 mm gun M1911 Colt pistol and only 7 made capacity.

      Bullets pass through the human body to achieve the anti-kinetic effect. Is proportional to kinetic energy and quality, but also with the speed proportional to the square. Traditional handgun cartridges are low-speed round shells, round head bolt recoil is conducive to auto-body-type smooth-loading, low speed so that recoil under control. Round also made it invades the human body resistance to increase and strengthen the role of resident only to avoid the high-speed bullet ripped through in order to reduce anti-personnel effect. Traditional handgun cartridges improve the quality by increasing kinetic energy warhead, so under the same conditions, 11-mm rounds of mass destruction than 9 mm, which is the U.S. 11 mm gun obsession with the main reason for fans. 5.7 millimeters a bullet from the traditional, adoption and rifle bullets, pointed the same high-speed projectile. High-speed conducive to increasing the kinetic energy of bullets, slender pointed shells invades the human body at high speed, easy to instability, resulting in rolling, the kinetic energy into a killing capacity. High-speed bullet pointed through the protective layer is also beneficial to enhance the capacity of the growing popularity of armor in the man today, it has a special significance. Caliber of the bullets was reduced, quality, reduced recoil is still under effective control, but the rate of increase to increase the kinetic energy into the relationship between the square of the larger increase in lethality. Small-caliber bullets, light weight, small size, easy to increase the magazine capacity, these advantages it is self-evident.

However, for small-caliber pistol circles practical effects of high-velocity bullets there is a big controversy, the focus is the small-caliber high-velocity bullets hit the body, the roll is formed in order to be able to effectively deliver kinetic energy to the body, rather than through the formation of lethal low injury. A similar controversy also exists in the rifle kingdom, and the U.S. M4 (M16 short tube type, are a large number of replacement M16) is also a major controversy here. But easily forgotten is the role of small-caliber bullets actually roll into the deposit rate was significantly higher when the speed dropped to a certain extent, the inertia will not be sufficient to form a roll, in fact easier to form a penetrating injury. This is precisely the issue on the battlefield in Afghanistan, U.S. soldiers with a short tube M4 shooting distance of the Taliban, due to a range of 5.56 mm ammunition in the far more on the spin-down, hit the formation of penetrating injury, resulting in the Taliban was shot will still be able to fight the problem. However, pistols and assault rifles at close range, this problem is not significant, Hassan shooting is proof of the effectiveness of handgun cartridges 5.7 millimeters.

      China also has its own small-caliber handgun cartridges 5.8 millimeters, which is 5.8 millimeters rifle shells, and another completely different bullets, but warheads in diameter and 5.8 mm rifles, shells just the same. China’s 03-style assault rifles to use 5.8 millimeters handgun cartridges, the 60th anniversary of National Day military parade in the hands of a special forces weapon. 5.8 millimeters 92-type pistol equipped units also have some time, but at the same time equipped with 9 mm 92-style pistol seems to be more shows that the Chinese team the power of small-caliber handgun cartridges have scruples. As a military pistol, standard pistol should be 5.8 millimeters. Senior officers and junior officers with much the same with the no-caliber pistol, but is absurd, and junior officers with pistols and assault rifles of different caliber bullets with a more absurd. The role of the pistol on the battlefield has always been controversial, but since dispensed, and must play their role. The battlefield, where more than five rounds of ammunition magazines may be able to decide life and death, in the small-caliber handgun cartridges when the power of proven, there is no reason not to lower-ranking officers also dispensed 5.8 millimeters pistol.
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