Archive for category Military Sources

International organizations said: Over the past 10 years in India, more than 5,000 people killed or injured by mines

November 21 Xinhua, “the International Campaign to Ban Landmines” (ICBL) 20 issued a report that over the past 10 years, about 3,000 people died in India mine blast, more than 2,000 injured, most of the incidents took place in India and Pakistan border, Jammu-cum – Kashmir.

According to “Central News Agency” reports, ICBL in the “Mine Monitoring Report 2009,” pointed out that cum following the Jammu Kashmir, the Indian province of northeastern Manny slope (Manipur) is also a civilian mine casualties in most areas.

Reported that a mine explosion in the Indian region, including the western state of Rajasthan (Rajasthan), Punjab (Punjab), the northern province of Sikkim (Sikkim) and eastern and central regions such as the rebellion.

Reported that the Indian military the most recent large-scale mining operations are in the India-Pakistan border in 2001-2002 up to 2880 kilometers of the border areas, an estimated two million laying of mines, a direct impact on India of more than 21 villages in the region 6000 family security.

The report notes that the Indian military units to conduct mine clearance Though action, but also suffered many casualties. ICBL called on India to sign the Convention on the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. Reports that an estimated 400-500 million pieces in India is still stored anti-personnel mines.

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China’s new submarine combat capability with a good Mute and strong attack

Chinas new nuclear submarineAutumn 2009, the People’s Navy submarine force came good news: China has independently developed the successful completion of a new type of submarine dive limit, underwater high-speed, deep-sea mine warfare launched series of tests and training evaluation, etc., all the performance indicators to meet the design and operational requirements, marks the formation of China’s new submarine fully operational capability.

The birth of a new submarine, the Navy’s rally in a factory representative of the military effort and sweat. Them, with the basing of the Republic of loyalty and blood iron and steel “Blue Whale”, from the slipway towards the ocean.

Mission: To the birth of a new submarine, the new starting line sprint

One day in December 2006, the CPC Central Committee General Secretary and State President and CMC Chairman Hu Jintao, himself for a new type of submarine in the first boat out into the flag.

After the flag presentation ceremony, Hu Jintao has boarded two new submarines to inspect deep into a battle for every bit, asked in detail about the quality and performance of equipment, he repeatedly advised the boats the men, we must learn the proper management and use of new equipment, so that new equipment combat as soon as possible.

Turn of the century, after the CPC Central Committee, Central Military Commission, China formally started the construction of new submarines.

The development of new submarines, the People’s Navy an important step in restructuring and development.

History has chosen them – the Navy Military Representative Office in a factory to assume supervision of the sacred mission of the new submarine.

New submarine must be high-tech age births. The need to re-establish production lines, processes, equipment, materials need to re-develop, staff need to re-train … … all stand in a brand new starting line.

Similarly, the military representatives stationed in a factory room will also be standing at a new starting line. From more than 10 local colleges and universities by the army and assigned to the representative chamber 40 doctoral, master’s and undergraduate students, embarked on a new type of submarine supervision positions.

The face of new submarine involved in more than 1,000 professional and technical categories, the young delegates to a military fort launched a dash of technology: “brush up” professional knowledge and 10 days won a major; familiar with drawing information, they often all night long and his eyes bloodshot; to master technical personnel and workers ask for help, plant three shifts, they Lian Zhouzhuan … … In this way, a new generation of military representatives in just 3 months into his new role on the half year to assume supervision of the independent task.

Chinese New Year has just passed, the new submarine power component installation is in progress.

Conductor gallery filled with relevant leaders and experts, through the video system, they watch every detail of installed components.

Article 10 components begin filling.

Designers, on-site construction and assembly plants have confirmed that the professional inspector: fuel assembly number, coordinates and drawing on the logo exactly the same.

As a member of the Group 3 tests, 25-year-old was alone in the military on behalf of Liu Haipeng stayed. He repeatedly warned myself: careful, careful, and then carefully!

Power Components Up to dozens of groups, internal structure, composition different from the appearance it is difficult to distinguish. Liu Haipeng Projections by the Working Principle: “10 components should not be in this position!”

On-site commander immediately ordered: operation suspended! Liu Haipeng than made after repeated: “Drawings identification error!” Authorities immediately organized the right drawing, component, loading position re-examined to confirm the conclusion that: “Liu representative was right!”

The chief architect of the new submarine the first time that this has happened, immediately called to the scene: “a young army representatives to find such an important issue, great!” Liu Haipeng awarded for this second-class power.

Submarine construction is a large and complex systems engineering. Military representative to bear from design to construction, the whole process of inspection and acceptance testing.

Fan-Ming Meng, Deputy Chief Representative briefed reporters on such a string of numbers: a new type of submarine construction from start to delivery units, the military need for the identification of projects on behalf of more than 100,000, and acceptance of technical documentation, drawings data, calculated data can be loaded with a truck .

On behalf of the whole group of seven military to check the acceptance of the project reached 1.5 million, related to the overall layout, shipping performance, hull structure, outfitting anti-corrosion, vibration and noise reduction five major professional 50 subjects; wheel unit 9 comrades in charge of 66 large systems, 732 sets of equipment; Wubei Group of electronic equipment must correspond to only a few dozen factories … …

Wu Wang Yang, 23-year-old military representative on the task of independently undertake the submarine acceptance. In September 2008, he was at the construction site supervision, “the external branch of the cartridge loop” machining, through measurements found that workers crossed position will be processing classified high. In case processing is wrong, will affect the missile launch tube of the benchmark, we should scrap the whole cartridge will bring about a series of serious consequences. The discovery of a timely, Wu ocean by the award.

Cross: In order new submarine high-performance, the face of risk is not made to give up

Represents a new type of submarine of modern science and technology and industrial development in China, the highest level achieved “From there to the superior” historic leap:

Widespread adoption of new technologies, new processes, new materials, new equipment, system is more complete, more advanced performance, operational faster reaction, and quiet performance, better and more offensive capability.

Military representatives of the leader to lead the cross.

New type of submarine tonnage big, large diameter submerged deep, deep need to adopt to withstand the pressure of new high-strength steel.

We all eyes are focused on the success of our newly developed special steel. Stretching, bending, cracking test; hardness, precision, density testing; fracture inspection, chemical analysis … …

However, it is troublesome is: precisely because of this high-strength steel “rather break than bend” and “steel” of welding very difficult.

The first welding test, examination pass rate for less than 10%!

The second, third … … have several tests, pass rate has hovered at a low level. The new submarine welding pass rate requirement to be 100%!

Problem repeatedly attack high, so that everyone felt the high-strength steel using this great risk, hastily adopted, if the weld was defective, the consequences can not imagine. “Otherwise in the end use of this steel?”

Military representatives and the builders of these concerted efforts: “high-strength steel will never give up! The key technology is not a breakthrough, submarines, it would not be ‘for type’, the follow-up boats also will be affected!”

Military Representative Office, together with the factory specialized research project and began the difficult process step by step to explore.

The whole factory selected 80 welder training, on the model tests carried out under harsh conditions. Beginning of winter frost winter, temperatures dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius, the military brass bridge on behalf of Lee, Chen Ai-Zhi, Sun Qian, Li Ning, Zhang W, Fan name of qi, and the workers work alongside the master, facing intense welding arc welding to do test burns of the eyes, swollen cheeks frozen, and rotten cold toes, and may be their determination than high-strength steel is also hard.

Welding wire, gas, process overall innovation. From the soft and hard wire, gas ratio, welding speed to weld parts of the “warm” “After the heat,” from hand-welded to the automatic welding, work hard for 37 days, after hundreds of failures, they finally find out about the high-strength steel The “temperament,” a key breakthrough in welding technology, and achieve process stability. The range of advanced surface by means of weld testing and internal testing, with a pass rate of 100%!

The development of new submarine in the construction process, the military representatives participated in 100 research a number of major technical problems in the field of more than 10 core technologies to achieve a major breakthrough and make it applied.

This year in August, the new submarine boat on land the first joint test. Boats followed the “rotating main converter unit,” is to ensure the safety of the submarine core equipment. The FBI found that the equipment characteristics of instability, and can not be used in emergency state manual. As a test head of the military representatives Pei Feng insisted that: The new boat for the first time power system automation control, must also guarantee that an emergency start. Focus on the need for new submarines, he strongly advocated a more advanced “static-type main converter devices.”

This, at that time was a “world problem.” Representative Office in the military leadership’s support, Pei Feng took part in the research team, after hundreds of day and night research, and finally successfully developed the “static-type main converter device”, this new equipment to enable a new emergency power system, advanced submarines, reliability increased dramatically.

A truly new type of submarine is a submarine information. Electronic equipment Mimizaza, performance, complicated. Military Representative Office of the lead set up the “expert group” for the various kinds of electronic equipment on the boat to simulate the magnetic field testing, the establishment of electromagnetic radiation “ultra-poor assessment of the” new models and to analyze the surrounding equipment, anti-jamming capability. Through calculation and test, design the ideal information equipment compatible programs, the implementation of equipment, systems, the overall three control and successfully resolved the high-tech brings new risks, to ensure that a new type of submarine information superiority and comprehensive operational effectiveness of the play.

Responsibility: sign acceptance on behalf of the State, depending on the quality of the submarine, such as life -

Chief representative of the CHAI Xiao-wen, in the submarine supervision post for 20 years, participated in the development of China’s first generation of submarines supervision, supervision of new submarines is now a leading figure. He knows the military on behalf of the inspection report, signed on the weight put pen to paper: “We are representing the State Inspection and Acceptance.”

Quality is the life of the submarine, but also on behalf of the military life. The birth of each submarine, from a steel plate, a weld, a valve, a bolt, the military representatives have to personally pass three hurdles, let off a shred of vulnerability.

“Crawl space” is the military representatives of the “basic skills.” Submarines, hundreds of small compartments, each bilge corner Sazhuo their sweat.

“More difficult to drill areas, the more ‘technology accessibility’ test priorities.” Overall team leader Li Ning deliberately explained: not “drill” but “climb” and must “limbs touch the ground.” Double pressure shell caught, followed by almost a drawer, only flat tummy in, pour tummy out, get out of being stuck in the inside is a frequent occurrence. Time, the military on behalf of Zhang to 9:00 crawl out until 15 o’clock, because collapse was almost choking, dragged out, arms, knees are frayed leather … …

Ning rough forget this: 1 boat dry down, the military stands for “crawl space” total length of more than 400 kilometers, the equivalent of 10 marathons crawl forward!

“Submarine is no small matter.” The smallest details have contests. On one occasion, the shipyard, “complain”: equipment installation finished, the military on behalf of Zhang Wei does not agree and acceptance. Things, “zombies” in a plug. Zhang Wei found that, because when the cable laying into poor effort in order to insert the jack plug. He said: “so easy to break, you must re-install!”

We must find the reasons for quality problems. Army on behalf of Xu Jin-liang Regulator Fastener Torque is not found in compliance, so that equipment factory three times rework. After compliance, Xu Jin-liang not give up, persist to find out the reasons. He and plant technology, together with the nut on the bolt thread size of each measurement, one by one to do chemical composition analysis, mechanical properties of each doing testing, and finally the identification of “super bad” reasons, so that follow-up to the quality of products is guaranteed.

New submarine massive and the country’s 22 provinces, seven major industry groups, 20 design units, more than 500 factories involved in the construction. The face of enterprise restructuring, the market economy, the new environment, the military on behalf of room for adherence to “national security paramount, equipment, construction quality first”, to play a leading role in the military, brave improve coordination, promote the military, factory, the largest cooperative to ensure the construction quality.

Power plant control equipment and more interfaces there are thousands of participating in a number of design units, each interface is given not uniform, do not match. Zushi, director of the trial served as the military representatives Liu Zhizhong, repeated communication with the design department, adhere to standards, unified voltage, current interface; his trial diagram also found that some units in order to easily design and production, have larger equipment size, so that the submarine control rooms are crowded. He also and design, together with the right control system for each device one by one study, provides a unified size, and control room layout optimization. Control system for the FBI ahead of a months to complete.

Loyalty: Youth bearing glory and dreams of blood cast submarine “keel”

All tests of the submarine, we should limit the number of the most dangerous and unpredictable diving.

Chief representative of the CHAI Xiao-wen, deputy chief representative of the Fan-Ming Meng, Chen Ai-Zhi, 14 were duty-bound to participate in a new type of submarine boat limit of two types of the first deep dive test.

Army on behalf of Wang Sheng 1 week before the dive medical examination and found that the Minister of the liver the size of a 5 cm mass, initially diagnosed as hemangioma. His hesitation to make a choice: “first dive, after surgery!”

Submarine dive review, every cabin, every piece of equipment, every cable, every weld, their inspection, testing is more than six times!

Compressive deformation in the boat dive experience. The main circulating sea water system pipe, “bellows” As soon as the bursting of the influx of sea water per second would have a large number of tanks, causing an instant crash boat tragedy. The potential pre-test and calculation, found that “bellows” linear deformation changes in depth when the dive to the limit, it may even break approaching the limit of its tolerance. “Must ensure that everything goes!” Chief representative of the Cai Xiao-Wen Ma Jun, who led the repeated calculation, verification, to take the weight of “transfer” measures, successfully resolved the security problems.

China’s new submarine deep dive test a complete success!

Slipway and sweat, blood and cast the “blue whale.”

Fan-Ming Meng, deputy chief representative at the test site is to stay for 13 months; the military on behalf of Wang Sheng continuous 22-month experiment in the field to participate in sailing, sea more than 130 days out of full-qin, a voyage does not fall … …

“Saturday undertake not to rest on Sundays does not guarantee that” This is a portrayal of the military on behalf of overtime over many years.

From the start of the day the new submarine, the military representatives of the average overtime hours is equivalent to three years of the normal workload.

Before the Spring Festival in 2004, the first boat main pump motor failure. Military Representative Office bulletin board that appears in five Chinese characters “that it had no New Year”! Lunar New Year’s Eve afternoon and started this morning, TANG Yao-Yang, Xiao-Ming Xu boarded the train rushed to the manufacturer, on-site dismantling the main pump motor, analyze the causes, from the first form stem to the sixth days, until the troubleshooting.

Every 10 years, the Spring Festival, the military on behalf of a holiday is only 2 days.

Hai-wide 6-month pregnant wife, check out the suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome. Mission at sea Zhang W, until the day before his wife give birth come back. Newborns only 1800 grams, the doctor told: the child has severe dangerous period of 7 days. But the first 5 days, Zhang W had any connection with the boat to sea. Today, the brain child came to a disability, 3 year old and you still can not speak.

Even so, the military representatives are still no regrets in love with their cause. Military Representative Lu Hai Jin gave up on his choice of hiring a company-paid feel pride: “The new submarines worldwide attention, but personally involved in the construction of submarines, few can?”

New submarine traveling in the ocean, laden with military representatives of the glory and the dream: The blood of the Republic of youth and build strong underwater Great Wall!

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The pistol of the murderer used in the U.S. military camp shooting

FN57 The pistol of the murderer used in the U.S. military camp shootingFort Hood, shooting case, hasan major with two pistols, fired more than 100 rounds of ammunition, killing 13 people and wounding 30 people. He is one of two pistols revolvers (caliber and model unknown), the other is FN57. As Army major, Hassan sure that our basic firearms training, performance and use of handguns are more familiar with. He also explains the choice of pistols this point. Revolvers can be loading six-fat, good reliability, not afraid of blind fire, but re-loading slowly, with a range close to accuracy is also poor, for better self-defense at close range. FN57 are automatic pistol, is not that it can be repeating, but can be continuously pulled the trigger firing, without the need to re-pull bolt between each firing. The structure easier to withstand large revolvers recoil, so it can launch large powerful ammunition. Hassan did not know how much the caliber of the revolver was estimated to be .38, .40, .45 between a, it may be like Magnum to strengthen the power of bullets. But the revolver should not be a major weapon the assailant Hassan, the amount of capacity is too small bombs, firing more than 100 issued to loading almost 20 times, each time the total have to have tens of seconds to 1 minute? Estimated Hassan’s main weapon is FN57, revolvers only be used for magazines in the FN57 time to be defensive if someone rushed into use. Hassan would like to quite in thoughtful.

This is the Belgian FN product, FN for the Fabrique Nationale, the national arsenal meaning. This is the world’s leading manufacturers of light weapons is one of Germany’s reputation never less than HK, the United States Colt. FN HP during World War II is the first large-scale production of automatic pistols, in both the Allied and German widely used, the national army is also widely used, since the National Army FN HP manufactured in Canada, so the national army FN HP has also become “Canada pistol.” After the war, FN FAL as NATO standard rifle standards, in the NATO countries, Israel, India and other countries widely used, FN MAG, FN Minimi Western countries and is still the standard general-purpose machine guns and light machine guns. In the 90’s, FN break the routine, developed a new 5.7-mm rounds, and on this basis, research and development of the P90 submachine gun and FN57 pistol, once again the world leader in the field of light weapons, the trend. P90 to break the traditional projectiles themselves – magazine structure, but the level of the magazine placed on the top gun in the breech loaded into the firing chamber when the rollover position. This structure is very compact, so that the world’s lightest P90 submachine gun, one small. FN57 is not as revolutionary in structure, but the engineering plastics frame and the reliability of the traditional FN make FN57 name of the gun has the potential to become a generation, the most important thing is, FN57 with the Western world’s largest magazine capacity, one can-loading as many as 20 rounds, while the usual 9 mm pistols can be loading 15-fa, the U.S. fans reluctant to part of the 11 mm gun M1911 Colt pistol and only 7 made capacity.

      Bullets pass through the human body to achieve the anti-kinetic effect. Is proportional to kinetic energy and quality, but also with the speed proportional to the square. Traditional handgun cartridges are low-speed round shells, round head bolt recoil is conducive to auto-body-type smooth-loading, low speed so that recoil under control. Round also made it invades the human body resistance to increase and strengthen the role of resident only to avoid the high-speed bullet ripped through in order to reduce anti-personnel effect. Traditional handgun cartridges improve the quality by increasing kinetic energy warhead, so under the same conditions, 11-mm rounds of mass destruction than 9 mm, which is the U.S. 11 mm gun obsession with the main reason for fans. 5.7 millimeters a bullet from the traditional, adoption and rifle bullets, pointed the same high-speed projectile. High-speed conducive to increasing the kinetic energy of bullets, slender pointed shells invades the human body at high speed, easy to instability, resulting in rolling, the kinetic energy into a killing capacity. High-speed bullet pointed through the protective layer is also beneficial to enhance the capacity of the growing popularity of armor in the man today, it has a special significance. Caliber of the bullets was reduced, quality, reduced recoil is still under effective control, but the rate of increase to increase the kinetic energy into the relationship between the square of the larger increase in lethality. Small-caliber bullets, light weight, small size, easy to increase the magazine capacity, these advantages it is self-evident.

However, for small-caliber pistol circles practical effects of high-velocity bullets there is a big controversy, the focus is the small-caliber high-velocity bullets hit the body, the roll is formed in order to be able to effectively deliver kinetic energy to the body, rather than through the formation of lethal low injury. A similar controversy also exists in the rifle kingdom, and the U.S. M4 (M16 short tube type, are a large number of replacement M16) is also a major controversy here. But easily forgotten is the role of small-caliber bullets actually roll into the deposit rate was significantly higher when the speed dropped to a certain extent, the inertia will not be sufficient to form a roll, in fact easier to form a penetrating injury. This is precisely the issue on the battlefield in Afghanistan, U.S. soldiers with a short tube M4 shooting distance of the Taliban, due to a range of 5.56 mm ammunition in the far more on the spin-down, hit the formation of penetrating injury, resulting in the Taliban was shot will still be able to fight the problem. However, pistols and assault rifles at close range, this problem is not significant, Hassan shooting is proof of the effectiveness of handgun cartridges 5.7 millimeters.

      China also has its own small-caliber handgun cartridges 5.8 millimeters, which is 5.8 millimeters rifle shells, and another completely different bullets, but warheads in diameter and 5.8 mm rifles, shells just the same. China’s 03-style assault rifles to use 5.8 millimeters handgun cartridges, the 60th anniversary of National Day military parade in the hands of a special forces weapon. 5.8 millimeters 92-type pistol equipped units also have some time, but at the same time equipped with 9 mm 92-style pistol seems to be more shows that the Chinese team the power of small-caliber handgun cartridges have scruples. As a military pistol, standard pistol should be 5.8 millimeters. Senior officers and junior officers with much the same with the no-caliber pistol, but is absurd, and junior officers with pistols and assault rifles of different caliber bullets with a more absurd. The role of the pistol on the battlefield has always been controversial, but since dispensed, and must play their role. The battlefield, where more than five rounds of ammunition magazines may be able to decide life and death, in the small-caliber handgun cartridges when the power of proven, there is no reason not to lower-ranking officers also dispensed 5.8 millimeters pistol.
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Israel public disclosure picture files – Said this can prove that the smuggling weapons are from Iran

The Israeli military released 11 documents and photos, claiming that such information can prove that Iran is the Israeli navy intercepted last week, the arms were behind the ship.

According to the Associated Press, Israel has stated that its naval commandos intercepted last week in waters near Cyprus, the arms ship, carrying 500 tons of top Iranian-made weapons, receive targeted Lebanon’s Hezbollah militants. There are dozens of ship containers with the Iranian flag.

Prior to that, Iran and Hezbollah have denied the Israeli allegations. 11, published by the Israeli “evidence”, the Iranian Foreign Ministry officials were not immediately available for comment.

An examination of these weapons, documents and pictures of the international experts said that these weapons did come from Iran, but this does not mean the Iranian government’s direct involvement in the arms smuggling.

United States Deputy Permanent Representative Wolf 10 in a closed-door meeting of the Security Council, accusing Iran of illegal delivery of weapons to the Lebanese guerrillas. Wolf outlined a U.S. official as saying, “November 4 found disguised as an arms merchant ship, is obvious from Iran bound for Syria. This is in violation of UN Resolution 1747, and the Middle East the proliferation of weapons led to instability in the region provide a conclusive evidence. ”

4 Israeli defense officials said, local time on the 3rd night, to the navy intercepted a boat near the island, starting from the Iranian arms shipments to Hezbollah guerrillas in Lebanon vessels. At that time the ship is flying the flag of Antigua and also disguised as a delivery of medical supplies merchant.

Hezbollah denied on the 5th of arms ship intercepted by Israel, the aim is to give them to allegations of arms shipments. At the same time, Hezbollah is also on Israel on the high seas “piracy” in condemnation.

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China led the Asia-Pacific carrier heat to help European shipyards

China aircraft carrierTang’s Asian branch of the United States International web site November 2 published an article entitled “Asian countries are keen on buying an aircraft carrier,” the article. Studying in Russia, the former Indian Navy captain Daiweidela – Cecil (DevindraSethi) in the article on Japan, India, Australia, South Korea, Russia and China, Asia-Pacific countries, including accelerated in recent years carried out a detailed plan of the carrier introduction, and predicted that Asia will become the next hot spots of conflict of interest in an offshore area. Of course, the countries the increase in military aircraft will also be put through the economic crisis in the Western Shipyard winter’s “life-saving straw.”

The article said that in recent years, Japan, India, Australia, South Korea, Russia and China have set off a burst of buying and building an aircraft carrier the globe. Of these countries suddenly began to take the sea air capacity, the command of the sea that countries thinking is changing. Interestingly, these patterns varied country almost simultaneously against the carrier plans to accelerate its investment in and growth. Author exclaimed, “Is this a new round of arms in Asia, the harbinger of the cold war?.”

According to the article carrier that shares the main focus boom in East Asia because of widespread unresolved territorial disputes, especially the maritime boundary dispute. If the disputed waters, islands and found near deep-sea oil and gas reserves, then the surrounding countries would have claimed ownership of these important waters. Only by so doing lead to countries in the region have to strengthen the building of naval armaments.

At the same time, these countries are also the carrier’s desire to combat the recession as Europe suffered, and not to relax the restrictions on technology exports have been instigated. European shipyards is currently the main economic income to rely on the limited relief provided by the Government money because in the past the government has set limits on high-tech export markets. But with the economic rise of East and Southeast Asia, they have become the international arms market’s major arms buyers.

In addition, because the U.S. military withdrawal from Iraq, and perhaps a possible withdrawal from Afghanistan. Strategic contraction strategic vacuum left by so many people believe that Asia may be the next flashpoint. Therefore, Asian countries have started chasing the main symbol of sea power – an aircraft carrier.

“India must be equipped with the Navy aircraft carrier” is a former prime minister Jawaharlal – Nehru (JawaharlalNehru) vision. The realization of this dream, which have allowed the Indian Navy at a competitive advantage. As the Indian aircraft carrier has been used up to now and the service ultra-40 years of experience. And the carrier, whether in war or peace times, for the Indian navy and air forces have played a great role in the improvement.

In the next 10 years, India will have at least two aircraft carriers, respectively, in service since 1987’s “virrat” was (INSViraat), and now Russia, Severodvinsk (Severodvinsk) shipyard converted 40005-kiloton “Vikram Mathias” was (INSVikramaditya). The latter was formerly the Soviet Union, “Admiral Gorshkov” was medium-sized aircraft carrier. “Virrat” was recently in India to accept a modern conversion is expected to be in service until 2015; and “Vikram Mathias” was problematic although the funds, but the Russians had promised that the earliest start sea trials in 2011.

In addition, India’s first fully self-designed and built a new “Vikrant” level (Vikrantclass) aircraft will be national Cochin (Cochin) is responsible for the construction of the shipyard. The level of the first ship was a start in 2008, and plans launched in 2010. India is now all ongoing construction and modification of the carrier, all reach containing three types of planes: British production “Sea Harrier”, Russian-made MiG-29KUB and as well as the manufacturing company Hindustan Aeronautics in Bangalore produced two-seater light aircraft made The carrier-based aircraft version of the LCA.

Article also commented that some countries in Asia, the Indian Navy’s rise as a military and commercial interests of its harmful. This is difficult to Gaidiao old ways of thinking, it is proposed that the Government of India must be more active and enterprising maritime diplomacy.

China’s purchase of aircraft carrier Admiral Liu Huaqing’s strategy is based on the proposed development strategy, he had at the Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) of the Naval War College to learn to follow the Admiral Gorshkov. In the Kremlin, the Chinese admiral who had a difficult task, that is, to change the China Central Political Bureau of the Army’s strategic thinking as the most important point of view. Although he has done a lot of work, but according to our recent development of the Chinese navy to judge, they still adhere to the “naval auxiliary theory” strategy.

China also through the early years of “aircraft carrier to buy” strategy to gain initial understanding of aircraft carriers. China in 1998, purchased from Ukraine in the Soviet era is not to build a complete aircraft carrier “Varyag” was (Varyag), through the long and difficult navigation, and finally in 2000 at its northeastern city of Dalian Shipyard to understand and transform . Recently, there are photographs showing the carrier painted on the People’s Liberation Army Navy combat ships of the standard color.

The outside world has always been rumors, the Chinese purchase of the vessel large ships is aimed at the use of Macau as an international casino. Author revealed in the text, in the early years, in a meeting with the Macao delegation learned, they are actually from the People’s Liberation Army Navy. When the author asked about their views on the warship, the author told the Chinese say, to have it restored to the “Kuznetsov” class standards of operational status and is not easy, but not necessarily impossible, as long as the money enough. Chinese officials who have the smile seemed to indicate everything – money is not a problem for China. This also shows that China’s pursuit of their dream of an aircraft carrier seriousness.

However, to start the 60000-ton ship, a medium-sized aircraft carrier for China is also an unknown leap. It requires not only a mother ship, the corresponding combat aircraft and helicopters, but also need for other machinery and equipment and 2,500 highly skilled crew, and every day around the clock is extremely accurate, zero-error control.

Authors believe that, if converted into the hull should have a current operational status of the aircraft carrier at least 10 years. At the same time, as opposed to general ships, the aircraft carrier’s control staff whose learning curve will also become very slow and difficult. To learn from scratch, human-computer interaction, until a smooth state will be many obstacles.

Recently, military intelligence reports indicate that China also plans to build shipyard in Shanghai Hudong made two new aircraft carriers. Obviously, they will be very similar to No. Varyag, but will be equipped with nuclear propulsion systems.

Japan, is stepping up its construction of “day to” level (Hyuga) a helicopter destroyers, the ship is a 18,000-ton class light aircraft carriers, amphibious helicopter can carry. Of course, accumulated over the past few decades of experience in the construction of a light aircraft carrier to judge, the Japanese shipyards should all have the same or greater level to build an aircraft carrier capability.

Japan’s new cabinet’s policy direction recently said it would re-examine with the United States in the past, signed a military agreement. If the new US-Japan military regime more inclined to “go it alone”, and the Cabinet also requested the withdrawal of the U.S. Navy base in Okinawa, Japan’s navy will have to win more military units.

The Australian Government has also made a bold decision to re-purchase of an aircraft carrier, and has ordered two “Canberra” level (Canberra) aircraft carrier. If in the Malacca Strait to Australia’s northern waters near a vessel to take hostile action against Australia, then the Australian side for the protection of this piece of water will be necessary. Australia needs to protect the coastline, 500 miles away from the air force, while the Australian side of existing shore-based aircraft can not complete this task.

Plans to build the two “Canberra” class will be similar to India’s “virrat” level, is expected to be in service in 2014. Can carry 18 MRH-90 helicopter operations. However, the Australian Navy is currently facing the biggest problem is its ability to retain well-trained military personnel. There are also reports that the Australian navy also discussed the potential to transform Christmas Island, “into a unsinkable” aircraft carrier.

South Korea’s imports from the United States in 2007, equipped with the Aegis system, 18,600-ton’s “Air Warfare Destroyer.” The amphibious ship has a certain capacity, currently only carry helicopters. Said the South Korean navy in the future will be four “Dokdo” level (Dokdo) amphibious assault ship, the main objective is to deal with North Korea Navy.

Recently, the “Dokdo” ship “interim aircraft carrier”, including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations has aroused much attention. South Korean shipyards have a considerable competitive edge, and may on this basis, to gain valuable experience at sea for training in the next 10 years, that is 2020 years to build up a larger carrier.

Based on national pride and the desire to regain the dominant sea power capacity of the Soviet era, Russia has also recently joined the aircraft carrier makes the buying nations. It is reported that Russia will buy a French “Mistral” level (Mistral) amphibious assault ship. Russia’s “Kuznetsov” was (Kuznetsov) aircraft carriers in Europe and the Mediterranean waters, has been in service for many years, the equipment used experienced Su -33 fighter. They also intend to in 2009 years, in the “Kuznetsov” was the successful flight test of new carrier-based aircraft MiG -29. And based on the “V” class submarines transformation from a modern nuclear-powered submarines, but also very good with the use of aircraft carrier battle groups.

According to Russian media reports, the Russian Navy had planned to in 2025, in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean to maintain six new aircraft carriers, combat capability, although this plan had to undo the last due to economic reasons, but Russia in the Asia-Pacific or other regions, there is more than any were faster and the speed of the reconstruction of naval power. This is mainly due to its strong shipbuilding facilities, scientific and technological base and R & D facilities.

Protect oil and gas-rich peninsula in Siberia, the Russian Government’s key objective, because this region is Russia’s energy exports to China and an important pillar of European-style energy base.

Looking around us, from the Pacific Coast to the Indian Ocean up to the Suez Canal, from Vladivostok to the northern waters of Australia, almost filled with the economic rise of the city. The two fastest-growing economies – China and India, which generated a huge merchandise trade is almost totally dependent on maritime transport. Marine tourism is also rising, a large cruise sailed from the West are entering the Singapore and Hong Kong and other places.

However, this region’s security problems are on show, regional economic imbalance of power could lead to friction and conflict-ridden sea. Only the carrier can effectively provide air power beyond the sea surface, which is pursued by the Navy in this region forces.

This demand is much suffering an economic crisis of the European shipyards is undoubtedly also a very attractive market. Because many countries in Asia does not yet have the construction of key infrastructure and aircraft manufacturing capability. In turn, the Western economy is in a downturn phase, for Asian countries to build an aircraft carrier is also bustling, an excellent opportunity. Because they will be more than usually easily obtained from the Western military technology and infrastructure construction support. At the same time and save them to go beyond the economic recession has become a shield for high-tech export restrictions.

In the final, the author is expected to: Asia-Pacific countries to build an aircraft carrier in 10 years will reach 100 billion U.S. dollars in market size; while the next 50 years, the infrastructure to support the cost of these ships also require an additional 100 billion U.S. dollars; the next 50 years on the weapons and equipment , aircraft, helicopters and related systems of procurement will also be spending over 100 billion U.S. dollars. And the little aircraft carrier set sail alone in support of aircraft carrier battle groups have spent a large amount of costs to include in battle cruisers, destroyers, frigates and other high-tech ships. These investments in the next 10 years, at least 200 billion U.S. dollars will go to Europe, Russia and the United States pocket.

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C919 Chinese-made large aircraft equipped with engine SF-A debut

C919 Chinese-made large aircraft equippedChina independently designed and developed the first Chinese-made aircraft engine model is held in Shanghai, China International Industry Fair 2009 pre-show for the first time lifted the veil.

This model describes the engine SF-A, by and subordinate to the China Aviation Industry Corporation’s AVIC I Commercial Aircraft Engine Co., Ltd design, develop, to meet the power needs of large passenger aircraft.

It is set up in January this year, AVIC I Commercial Aircraft Engine Co., Ltd. for the first time appearance at the Shanghai International Industry Fair exhibit. The shipping companies made subordinate to the China Aviation Industry Corporation is China’s commercial aircraft engine research and development, development to meet the domestic demand for the next generation of large aircraft engines, the future for the global market for aero-engine-related products and services to projects in the area of the national aviation system of the main contractors unit.

As China’s civil aircraft engine manufacturers in the overall contract responsibility system, AVIC I Commercial Aircraft Engine Co., Ltd. 2, also announced that will be initially established in 2010 the overall design of turbofan engine system, initially with the overall design of turbofan engine technology capabilities and is currently being organized to carry out key technologies.

Bo was in this industry, the shipping companies issued a total of three exhibits on display. In addition to SF-A model, there is also developed by China Aviation Industry Corporation 3000-4000 kg thrust power of large bypass ratio turbofan engine model and display in the Air Industry Corporation installed manufacturing capacity of the string parts.

Among them, large bypass ratio turbofan engine can be used as feeder aircraft or commercial aircraft powered by a fan, 3 booster compressor, seven high-pressure compressor, a short ring combustion chamber, a high-pressure turbine, three low-pressure turbine, a simple convergent nozzle, as well as Full Authority Digital Control (FADEC) system, etc..

String loaded pieces show the major components of civil aviation engine, the aircraft industry with in accordance with international standards of production capacity of civil aero-engine components, including fans, fan casing, low-pressure compressor blades (plate), high-pressure compressor blades (plate) the compressor casing, high-pressure turbine blades (plate), low-pressure turbine blades (plate), etc..

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The new U.S. defense budget has tended to respond to real threats the China and Russian

November 4 news: According to the Associated Press reported that U.S. President Barack Obama October 28 signing of the 2010 annual defense budget amounted to 680 billion U.S. dollars. While he said that the bill cut unnecessary spending, avoiding the inefficiencies of national defense affairs, but still amounted to more than 09 years nearly 700 billion U.S. dollars, to many, as the Obama “peace president” who is quite surprised.

Eliminate the president’s helicopter project the purchase of unmanned aerial vehicles

In absolute amounts, the U.S. defense budget for fiscal year 2009 amounted to 612 billion U.S. dollars, in 2008 for the 471 billion U.S. dollars, even with an additional 196 billion emergency funding for wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, there is still no more than the year 2010. Going back, the U.S. defense budget for 2007 fiscal year 439.3 billion U.S. dollars, plus 120 billion war funding, it will only 559.3 billion U.S. dollars.

Then, claiming that to adjust the U.S. foreign strategy of Barack Obama, for the defense budget, why not only does not reduce, but do continue to increase investment? Through a detailed analysis, we find that the new budget than in previous years has shown two main characteristics: First, cut to cope with large-scale conventional war, the development of high-tech projects, in turn, increased combat weapons procurement; second is to increase investment in the war (on the Iranian-Afghan basis of the two places for the 130 billion U.S. dollars investment in the future may also be additional).

Specifically, the bill reduced the number of major projects, in addition to abandon the purchase of 20 million F-22 fighter jets and cut a new destroyer DDG-1000 procurement quantity (per vessel cost of five billion U.S. dollars) at a cost of 160 billion U.S. dollars of “future combat system “R & D projects are to delete the column. In addition, a cost of 13 billion U.S. dollars canceled the presidential helicopter project, a new transport projects and a senior military satellite development program.

Increased funding for the project and which do? Mainly aimed at other than the threat of large-scale war. For example: the purchase of multi-purpose F-35 fighter jets (estimated from 68 billion to 11.2 billion), Littoral Combat Ships and for front-line combat helicopters; to continue research and development deal with roadside bombs, anti-landmine ambush vehicles; the purchase of used to monitor front of the 50 “Predator” unmanned aerial vehicle (20 million).

At the same time, the new budget also plans to stop the curtailment of the Air Force and Navy personnel, the Army and Marine Corps will be an addendum to 65000 and 2.7 million people in response to U.S. troops in Iraq and Afghanistan stretched situation.

China and Russia issued a tough signal to reduce the global capacity to intervene increased rather than decreased

Not difficult to see, as opposed to the Bush administration, Obama’s new defense budget, more inclined to respond to real threats rather than potential rivals (such as China and Russia). This is because, to the U.S. military advantage, that is, using the current equipment, in the next few decades, will continue to “uncontested top dog.” On the other hand, roadside bombs and sniper fire has continued to take away the lives of U.S. soldiers, so Obama’s defense policy adjustment is clearly more in line with the realities of U.S. interests, but also more popular. Just as Obama in the White House said at the signing ceremony, the bill “Reaffirming the national security and the expansion of military personnel and their dependents to ensure the rights and interests of the determination, and to respond to the military challenges of the 21st century, provide the necessary investment”, which for the Budget in the United States to secure the moral support.

As opposed to the Bush administration’s aggressive strategy, Obama did a lot of adjustments, such as no longer to deploy anti-missile system in Poland, Russia and other countries to reduce threats signals. Nevertheless, the U.S. defense budget is still growing that its ability to intervene in global affairs is not only not diminished, but overall increase – both in the prevention of long-term strategic threat, one-upmanship, the war in response to a specific and more comfortably. This rest of the world is concerned, is a blessing or a curse premature.

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Chinese space experts said that Russia is unable to manufacture nuclear-powered spacecraft

Blizzard, the space shuttleOctober 30, according to published “Global Times” reported that the Russian spaceship on the 28th of declared nuclear program, the West generally are not optimistic. Associated Press article stated: Russia’s aspirations with its space marked contrast to the actual situation in Russia is still in use 40 years ago on the use of “union” of rockets and spacecraft, a new generation of conventional thrust of rocket and spacecraft planned for the foreseeable future, do not see the hope of being approved. Therefore, the Russian Space Agency plans to sound more like is to ask the government funding, rather than a detailed proposal.

China Academy of Space Technology researcher Pang Zhihao accept the “Global Times” reporter, said the United States has long raised the spacecraft’s nuclear program, but later had to run aground, because the nuclear spaceship to face a series of technical problems, if it is used to fly go to Mars, even if it is normal for the space crew during the flight caused by radiation has also shot eight times per day X-ray film, if a failure occurs, it is fatal.

Pang Zhihao said that Russia’s current nuclear spacecraft program, “simply can not produce anything,” the United States taking 18 billion U.S. dollars a year investment in the aerospace industry, but also think it is an additional 3 billion. Russia simply do not have this economic strength, and Russian are also some plans on paper. Earlier, Russia clamored to spend 15 billion rubles put a man on Mars, but eventually dropped.

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The Qinghai-Tibet Highway opened to traffic 55 years – General Logistics Department of the Qinghai-Tibet military depot at the expense of more than 770

Known as the “Heaven Road” of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway has been opened to traffic 55 years, the PLA officers and soldiers for hundreds of thousands of the Qinghai-Tibet region’s economic development, social stability, national unity and the stability of the southwest border has played an extremely important role.

General Logistics Department of the Qinghai-Tibet military depot, according to the person in charge, starting from Xining in Qinghai Province Qinghai-Tibet Highway, and finally to Lhasa, Tibet length of 2000 kilometers, with an average altitude of 4000 meters above average annual temperature of minus six degrees Celsius. Fifty-five years ago, the Department of the Qinghai-Tibet ages depot troops battle snow, fighting cold, anti-anoxia, with hammer and drill rod split the Millennium frozen, conquer ancient thrill of the climb, has completed Golmud City, Qinghai Province, the ground-breaking from scratch project, participated in the city’s development and construction of small to large; built the length of 1823 kilometers of the Qinghai-Tibet highway transportation lines; set up a length of 1329 kilometers of national defense communication lines; laying of the length of 1080 kilometers of the Benguela pipeline; involved in the construction of the length of 2300 kilometers of fiber optic communication lines Lanssila length of 1134 kilometers and the second phase of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The five lines have built the Qinghai-Tibet has greatly improved the region’s transportation, energy, communications conditions for the resident’s economic development and social stability.

Oxygen in the cold Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai-Tibet military depot near the Ministry of shoulder 80 percent of the troops stationed in Tibet material transport, the Tibetan army and nearly 80 percent of the fuel delivery and onerous task of providing communications support national defense, military duty per year training are more than nine months. Fifty-five years, they have transporting material can be formed on a Great Wall in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and they have more than 770 officers and men sacrificed their lives.

Over the years, generation after generation of officers and men of military depot in the Ministry of ancient wilderness has created miracles one after another, in July 1990, the Central Military Commission granted the Department “the Department of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau model depot” honorary title. They have excellent support tasks to complete over the years also change the resident environment. Military depot Ministry of armed forces have to live on the water, electricity, heating, oxygen, net Five-modern buildings. They planted flowers on the plateau, pig-raising vegetables, meat course to achieve self-sufficiency rate of 100% and 65% respectively, with all the subordinate units of the resident camp the Government to formulate a “model district”, “garden-style barrack” in standard.

At the same time, they also carry out poverty-relief, donations to schools, medical aid and other reconstruction work to promote resident livelihood improvement. According to statistics, they have participated in and supported on more than 80 key projects in the construction of Qinghai-Tibet region, aided and funded 191 schools to participate in more than two dozen major rescue and relief missions, rescue people in distress more than 30000 people, Southwest border consolidation and the Qinghai-Tibet region’s economic development and social prosperity and made a great contribution.

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Information: International non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament

Background information: International non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament

The United Nations Security Council on non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and nuclear disarmament on the 24th special session held at United Nations Headquarters in New York, the meeting will go with the nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament-related issues.

Since the United States conducted its first nuclear test in 1945, after the success of nuclear weapons became the world’s most powerful arsenal of weapons. The 20th century, 60’s, the United States and the Soviet Union conducted nuclear tests between the two countries to step up and constantly improve their own nuclear weapons. In order to ensure its nuclear superiority and nuclear monopoly in the Soviet Union under the impetus of June 1968, the United Nations adopted the “Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.”

With the escalation of an arms race in the United States and the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union of nuclear disarmament in a comprehensive nuclear test ban as the central issue of opposites. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, in order to seek nuclear parity status with the United States, the Soviet Union frequently launched a comprehensive test ban on nuclear disarmament for the content of the offensive, trying to limit the U.S. nuclear weapons technology. The United States is firmly opposed to a comprehensive test ban, and in 1981 and 1983 he proposed to update the overall strengthening of the strategic nuclear weapons, nuclear power plans and the Strategic Defense Initiative.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the United States lost the nuclear arms race rivals. In addition, due to master nuclear technology to replace the real laboratory simulation of nuclear test nuclear explosion of new tools, the United States began its nuclear weapons program and nuclear-test-ban policy adjustments. In July 1993, the United States announced in favor of the early start of multilateral negotiations and the early conclusion of a comprehensive test-ban treaty.

In early 1994, a non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and achieving nuclear disarmament, for the purpose of the comprehensive nuclear test ban negotiations in Geneva, Switzerland, officially begun. After two and half years of efforts, in August 1996, “Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,” the text of the formal development, but because of India’s opposition failed to pass. Later, the text of the treaty have been sent directly to the United Nations General Assembly, and the 50th session of the United Nations General Assembly plenary meeting to be approved. However, the treaty has not yet entered into force.

In recent years, the international nuclear disarmament, nuclear non-proliferation and peaceful use of nuclear energy in the process of constant frustration. At present, the North Korean nuclear issue, Iran nuclear issue, US-Russia negotiations on further reductions of nuclear weapons in the world would have become of concern to limit the nuclear core and cut the main problem.

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